Lower Ut Path And Ut Neoplasia

Front 1

Back 1

Bifid Ureter

*asymptomatic unless one kinks to cause an obstruction that can lead to hydronephros

Front 2

Back 2

Extrophy of Bladder

*ant abdominal wall and bladder fail to close

*Increased risk of colorectal & bladder cancer

Front 3

let's just say that his aim isn't the best

Back 3

Hypospadia

*urethra opens on ventral side of penis

Front 4

When this kids laughs, he pees out his belly button... how's that for a party trick!

Back 4

Persistent Urachus

*embryologically functions to connect bladder to allantois

*risk of transforming into Primary Urachal Adenocarcinoma!!!

Front 5

Pt found to have a clonal proliferation of IgG4 producing plasma cells

Back 5

Ormond's Disease (primary sclerosing retroperitoneal fibrosis)

*clonal cells produce pseudotumors of fibrosis that obstruct vasculature and ureters

Front 6

Back 6

Hydronephrosis due to chronic obstruction

*cortex is atrophied and calyxes are dilated

Front 7

What infection did this pt most likely have?

Back 7

Proteus Infection (struvite stones associated w/)

Front 8

What is this pt at an increased risk of?

Back 8

Chronic Cystitis - bladder stones prevent complete voiding causing an increased risk of infection

Front 9

Pt has skunky urine & brown/curdeled ejaculate. What are they at increased risk of?

Back 9

Squamous cell carcinoma of bladder (pt has Schistosomiasis)

Front 10

Back 10

Malacoplakia

*chronic cystitis in pt w/ macrophage defect causing plaques comprised of sheets of macrophages to form

Front 11

Back 11

Michaelis-Gutman Bodies in Malacoplakia

Front 12

Back 12

Cystitis Glandularis

*chronic cystitis w/ benign metaplastic changes of cysts lined w/ either urothelium or intestinal epithelium

Front 13

nodule found in bladder

Back 13

Polypoid Cystitis

*due to chronic irritation from indwelling catheter

Front 14

found on posterior lip of urethra

Back 14

Carbuncle

*benign, common after menopause, trx w/ drainage

Front 15

Back 15

Urothelial Carcinoma - Papillary morphology

Front 16

Back 16

Low Grade Urothelial Carcinoma

*typically papillary morphology, increased but normal mitoses

Front 17

Back 17

High Grade Urothelial Carcinoma

*usually flat morphology, atypical nuclei and mitoses

Front 18

taken from kidney of a 4-year-old

Back 18

Wilms tumor (nephroblastoma)

*most common renal tumor in kids

*mass will be large, solitary, tan, well-circumscribed

Front 19

taken from a kidney mass in a 4-yr-old

Back 19

Wilms tumor (nephroblastoma)

*Blastema (sheets of small-blue cells), spindle stroma, immature tubules

Front 20

What triad of symptoms is this pt most likely experiencing?

Back 20

(Renal cell carcinoma)

1. Costovertebral pain

2. Palpable Mass

3. Microscopic Hematuria

(possible polycythmia due to paraneoplastic syndrome)

Front 21

What's the #1 risk factor for this condition?

Back 21

(Renal Cell Carcinoma)

SMOKING!!!

Front 22

How does this mass spread?

Back 22

(Renal Cell Carcinoma)

Via the veins (bypasses lymph nodes)

Front 23

taken from kidney mass

Back 23

Clear Cell Renal cell carcinoma

*most common subtype

*due to deletion of VHL gene of short arm of chromosome 3p

Front 24

Back 24

Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma

*arise from CD

*good prognosis

Front 25

Back 25

Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma

*arises from CD

Front 26

Mass is >0.5 cm

Back 26

Papillary Carcinoma

(if it were <0.5cm it would have been an adenoma)

Front 27

Back 27

Renal Oncocytoma

*Benign, Mahogany brown w/ central scar

*cells have pale granular cytoplasm full of mitochondria

Front 28

Back 28

Angiomyolipoma

*bilateral tumor comprised of fat, blood vessels, and smooth mm

Front 29

What mutation causes this?

Back 29

(Angiomyolipoma)

*loss-of-fxn mutation in TSC1 or TSC2`

Front 30

What condition is this associated with?

Back 30

(Angiomyolipoma)

*Tuberous Sclerosis

Front 31

Back 31

Cystic Renal Carcinoma

*arises from benign renal cysts