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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Community-acquired Pneumonia
What are the symptoms? |
fever and chills, chest pain, cough, headache, sweating from high fever
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Community-acquired Pneumonia
What are the specimens collected? |
sputum, BAL, pleural fluid, tracheal aspirate
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Community-acquired Pneumonia
Media/Incubation? |
BAPss/CO2
CHOC/CO2 MAC smear with Q-score |
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Community-acquired Pneumonia
What are the common pathogens in Neonate? |
Chlamydia trachomatis
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Community-acquired Pneumonia
What are the common pathogens in young children? |
RSV
Influenza (mostly viruses) |
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Community-acquired Pneumonia
What are the common pathogens in Teen to young adult? |
Chlamydia pneumoniae
Mycoplasma pneumoniae Influenza virus |
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Community-acquired Pneumonia
What are the common pathogens in older adult? |
S. pneumoniae
H. influenzae Respiratory viruses Gram neg rods |
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Acute bronchitis
What are the common pathogens? |
Respiratory viruses
Mycoplasma pneumoniae Chlamydia pneumoniae Bordetella pertussis Haemophilus influenzae |
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4 mechanisms by which LRT infections occur.
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1. Invasion from upper airway
2. Inhalation of infectious particles 3. Aspiration of oral or gastric contents 4. Hematogenous spread |
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3 host defence mechanisms in the LRT.
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1. Coughing
2. Alveolar macrophages 3. Leukocytes, monocytes |
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4 virulence factors in LRT.
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1. Adherence
2. Toxins 3. Capsule 4. Intracellular multiplication |
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Chronic pneumonia
Common pathogens? |
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Fungi Non tuberculosis mycobacteria |
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Hospital-acquired pneumonia
Common pathogens? |
Klebsiella sp.
Enterobacteriaceae S. aureus S. pneumo Ps. aeruginosa Anaerobes Legionella sp. |
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Aspiration pneumonia
Common pathogens? |
Anaerobes
S. aureus Pseudomonads Enterobacteriaceae |
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Opportunistic pathogens that infect the respiratory tracts of immunocompromised patients
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Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Pneumocytis carinii Chlamydia pneumoniae Mycoplasma pneumoniae Legionella pneumophila |
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Two step procedure before inoculation of sputum.
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Decontamination
Liquefaction |
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What is the purpose of decontamination of sputum?
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To suppress normal flora (long incubation)
with KOH |
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What is the purpose of liquefaction of sputum?
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To release the organisms
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Pathogens common in cystic fibrosis patients?
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Ps. aeruginosa
Burkholderia cepacia S. aureus H. influenzae Aspergillus sp. viruses |
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Media used to detect H. influenzae in CF patients.
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Horse blood agar with bacitracin
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Media used to detect S. aureus in CF patients.
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MSA (yellow)
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What is added to culture Legionella pneumophila?
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L-cysteine and iron salts
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What is used to grow Mycobacterium tuberculosis?
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Lowenstein-Jensen (egg based)
Middlebrook THIO or THII (serum or agar based) Broth, blood culture (fluid) |
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What is used to stain M. tuberculosis?
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Ziehl-Neelson
Kinyouns Auramine-rhodamine |
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What is used to stain Pneumocystis carinii?
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Fungi-fluor
calcofluor white giemsa methanamine silver toluidine blue O |
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What type of agar is used to grow Mycoplasma pneumoniae?
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SP4
H agar |
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Encapsulated bacteria in LRT.
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S. aureus
Ps. aerug H. influenzae |
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Adherence bacteria in LRT.
What is used to adhere? |
S. pyogenes: M proteins
Listeria: fimbriae S. aureus, viridans: lipoteichoic acid |
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What does Ps. aerug use as toxin in LRT?
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Exotoxin A
Pyocyanins |
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What are the symptoms of bronchiolitis?
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1. similiar to common cold
2. brething becomes more labored 3. cough increases 4. wheezing 5. difficulty feeding 6. dehydration |
