Lower Muscles Origins, Insertions, Actions, Innervation

Front 1

Origin of Psoas Major

Back 1

Transverse processes and disc of the last thoracic and all five lumbar vertebrae

Front 2

Insertion of Psoas Major

Back 2

Lesser trochanter of femur

Front 3

Action of Psoas Major

Back 3

Hip flexion and external rotation

Front 4

Innervation of Psoas Major

Back 4

2nd and 3rd lumbar

Front 5

Origin of Iliacus

Back 5

Superior two-thirds of iliac fossa iliac crest and ala of sacrum

Front 6

Insertion of Iliacus

Back 6

Lesser trochanter of femur

Front 7

Action of Iliacus

Back 7

Hip flexion and external rotation

Front 8

Innervation of Iliacus

Back 8

Branch of Femoral

Front 9

Origin of Tensor Fasciae Latae

Back 9

Lateral aspect of anterior superior iliac crest

Front 10

Insertion of Tensor Fasciae Latae

Back 10

Fascia lata about halfway down thigh, down to Gerdy’s tubercle on the tibia via iliotibial tract

Front 11

Action of Tensor Fasciae Latae

Back 11

Tenses fasciae latae. Hip flexion, abduction and internal rotation of the hip

Front 12

Innervation of Tensor Fasciae Latae

Back 12

Superior Gluteal

Front 13

Origion of Rectus Femoris

Back 13

Anterior inferior iliac spine and superior brim of acetabulum

Front 14

Origion of Sartorius

Back 14

Anterior superior spine of ilium and notch inferior

Front 15

Origion of Pectineus

Back 15

Pectineal line of pubis between iliopectineal eminence and pubic tubercle

Front 16

Origin of Gluteus Maximus

Back 16

Posterior fourth of crest of ilium; posterior surface of sacrum and coccyx. External surface of ilium between crest and posterior gluteal line

Front 17

Origin of Biceps Femoris

Back 17

Long head from tuberosity of ischium and sacrotuberous ligament. Short head from lateral lip of linea aspers between adductor magnus and vastus laterlis

Front 18

Origion of Semmimembranosus

Back 18

Tuberosity of ischium

Front 19

Insertion of Semmimembranosus

Back 19

Posterior aspect of medial condyle of tibia

Front 20

Insertion of Biceps Femoris

Back 20

Head of fibula

Front 21

Insertion of Gluteus Maximus

Back 21

Gluteal tuberosity and iliotibial tract

Front 22

Action of Gluteus Maximus

Back 22

Extends hip, assists in adduction and external rotation

Front 23

Action of Biceps Femoris

Back 23

Hip extension, knee flexion, knee external rotation

Front 24

Action of Semmimembranosus

Back 24

Hip extension, knee flexion, knee internal rotation

Front 25

Innervation of Gluteus Maximus

Back 25

Inferior gluteal

Front 26

Innervation of Biceps Femoris

Back 26

Sciatic- long head (tibial), short head (peroneal)

Front 27

Innervation of Semmimembranosus

Back 27

Sciatic (tibial)

Front 28

Insertion of Rectus Femoris

Back 28

Superficial central portion of the base of the patella to the tibial tuberosity via the quadriceps tendon

Front 29

Action of Rectus Femoris

Back 29

hip flexion, knee extension

Front 30

Innervation of Rectus Femoris

Back 30

Femoral

Front 31

Insertion of Sartorius

Back 31

Medial aspect of tibia at junction of head and shaft (pes anserine)

Front 32

Action of Sartorius

Back 32

Hip flexion, abduction and external rotation, knee flexion and internal rotation

Front 33

Innervation of Sartorius

Back 33

Femoral

Front 34

Insertion of Pectineus

Back 34

Line from lesser trochanter to linea aspera (pectineal line)

Front 35

Action of Pectineus

Back 35

Thigh adduction, flexion, and slight internal rotation

Front 36

Innervation of Pectineus

Back 36

Femoral and accessory obturator

Front 37

Origin of Semmitendinosus

Back 37

Tuberosity of ischium (inferomedial) with the long head of the biceps Femoris

Front 38

Insertion of Semmitendinosus

Back 38

Beside gracilis and Sartorius on medial tibia, where shaft and head join

Front 39

Action of Semmitendinosus

Back 39

Hip extension, knee flexion, knee internal rotation

Front 40

Innervation of Semmitendinosus

Back 40

Sciatic (tibial)

Front 41

Origin of Gluteus Minimus

Back 41

External surface of the ilium between inferior and anterior gluteal lines

Front 42

Insertion of Gluteus Minimus

Back 42

Anterior aspect of greater trochanter

Front 43

Action of Gluteus Minimus

Back 43

Hip internal rotation

Front 44

Innervation of Gluteus Minimus

Back 44

Superior Gluteal (L4, L5, S1)

Front 45

Origin of Gluteus Minimus

Back 45

External surface of ilium between iliac crest and posterior gluteal line and anterior gluteal line

Front 46

Insertion of Gluteus Minimus

Back 46

External surface of greater trochanter

Front 47

Action of Gluteus Minimus

Back 47

Abducts hip, rotates thigh internally when leg is extended, stabilization of opposite hip

Front 48

Innervation of Gluteus Minimus

Back 48

Superior gluteal (L4, L5, S1)

Front 49

Origin of Tibialis Anterior

Back 49

Upper two-thirds of the lateral surface of tibia

Front 50

Insertion of Tibialis Anterior

Back 50

Medial and plantar aspect of first metatarsal and first cuneiform bone

Front 51

Action of Tibialis Anterior

Back 51

Dorsiflexion, inversion

Front 52

Innervation of Tibialis Anterior

Back 52

Deep Fibular

Front 53

Origin of Extensor Hallucis Longus

Back 53

Middle part of fibula on its medial and anterior aspect and adjecent interosseus membrane

Front 54

Insertion of Extensor Hallucis Longus

Back 54

Dorsum of distal phalanx of great toe

Front 55

Action of Extensor Hallucis Longus

Back 55

Toe Extension, dorsiflexion, inversion

Front 56

Innervation of Extensor Hallucis Longus

Back 56

Deep Fibular

Front 57

Origin of Extensor Digitorum Longus

Back 57

Upper three-quarters of anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane and lateral condyle of tibia

Front 58

Insertion of Extensor Digitorum Longus

Back 58

By four tendons into middle and distal phalanges of four lateral toes

Front 59

Action of Extensor Digitorum Longus

Back 59

Toe Extension, dorsiflexion, eversion

Front 60

Innervation of Extensor Digitorum Longus

Back 60

Deep Fibular

Front 61

Origin of Fibularis Tertius

Back 61

Lower Third of anterior-lateral surfface of fibula

Front 62

Insertion of Fibularis Tertius

Back 62

Base of the dorsum of the fifth metatarsal bone

Front 63

Action of Fibularis Tertius

Back 63

Dorsiflexion, eversion

Front 64

Innervation of Fibularis Tertius

Back 64

Deep Fibular

Front 65

Origin of Fibularis Longus

Back 65

Upper two-thirds of lateral surface of fibula and lateral condyle of tibia

Front 66

Insertion of Fibularis Longus

Back 66

First metatarsal and first cuneiform (by way of peroneal groove on cuboid)

Front 67

Action of Fibularis Longus

Back 67

Eversion, plantar flexion

Front 68

Innervation of Fibularis Longus

Back 68

Superficial fibular

Front 69

Origin of Fibularis Brevis

Back 69

Lower two-thirds of lateral surface of fibula

Front 70

Insertion of Fibularis Brevis

Back 70

Base of fifth metatarsal bone on lateral side

Front 71

Action of Fibularis Brevis

Back 71

Eversion, Plantar flexion

Front 72

Innervation of Fibularis Brevis

Back 72

Superficial Fibular

Front 73

Origin of Gastrocnemius

Back 73

Posterior aspect of medial and lateral condyles of femur

Front 74

Insertion of Gastrocnemius

Back 74

Tendon of Achilles, which also receives fibers of soleus before inserting into calcaneus

Front 75

Action of Gastrocnemius

Back 75

Plantar flexion, knee flexion

Front 76

Innervation of Gastrocnemius

Back 76

Tibial

Front 77

Origin of Soleus

Back 77

Posterior upper third of fibula and soleal line of tibia, interosseous membrane

Front 78

Insertion of Soleus

Back 78

Calcaneus tuberosity via the achilles tendon

Front 79

Action of Soleus

Back 79

Plantar flexion

Front 80

Innervation of Soleus

Back 80

Tibial (posterior tibial)

Front 81

Origin of Plantaris

Back 81

Lateral supracondylar ridge of femur

Front 82

Insertion of Plantaris

Back 82

Medial side of posterior part of calcaneus, calcaneal tendon

Front 83

Action of Plantaris

Back 83

Plantar Flexion, knee flexion

Front 84

Innervation of Plantaris

Back 84

Tibial

Front 85

Origin of Tibialis Posterior

Back 85

Interosseus Membrane, and adjacent bony surfaces of posterior tibia and fibula

Front 86

Insertion of Tibialis Posterior

Back 86

Navicular; cuboid, 1, 2, 3, cuneifrom; 2, 3, 4 metatarsals

Front 87

Action of Tibialis Posterior

Back 87

Inversion, plantar flexion

Front 88

Innervation of Tibialis Posterior

Back 88

Tibial

Front 89

Origin of Flexor Digitorum Longus

Back 89

Middle three-fifths of posterior surface of tibia

Front 90

Insertion of Flexor Digitorum Longus

Back 90

By four tendons to base of distal phalanges on the plantar surface of the four lateral toes

Front 91

Action of Flexor Digitorum Longus

Back 91

Toe Flexion, inversion, plantar flexion

Front 92

Innervation of Flexor Digitorum Longus

Back 92

Tibial

Front 93

Origin of Flexor Hallucis Longus

Back 93

Lower Two-thirds of posterior surface of fibula and interosseus membrane

Front 94

Insertion of Flexor Hallucis Longus

Back 94

Plantar surface of base of distal phalanx of great toe

Front 95

Action of Flexor Hallucis Longus

Back 95

Toe flexion, inversion, plantar flexion

Front 96

Innervation of Flexor Hallucis Longus

Back 96

Tibial

Front 97

Origin of Popliteus

Back 97

Lateral surface of lateral condyle of femur

Front 98

Insertion of Popliteus

Back 98

Triangular space on posterior of tibia above oblique or soleal line

Front 99

Action of Popliteus

Back 99

Knee flexion and internal rotation

Front 100

Innervation of Popliteus

Back 100

Tibial

Front 101

Origin of Abductor Hallucis

Back 101

Medial process of calcaneus, plantar aponeurosis

Front 102

Insertion of Abductor Hallucis

Back 102

Medial side of base of first phalanx of great toe

Front 103

Action of Abductor Hallucis

Back 103

Abducts great toe

Front 104

Innervation of Abductor Hallucis

Back 104

Medial Plantar

Front 105

Origin of Flexor Digitorum Brevis

Back 105

Anterior aspect of tuberosity of calcaneus, plantar aponeurosis

Front 106

Insertion of Flexor Digitorum Brevis

Back 106

second phalanges of four outer toes (tendon bifurcates)

Front 107

Action of Flexor Digitorum Brevis

Back 107

Toe Flexion

Front 108

Innervation of Flexor Digitorum Brevis

Back 108

Medial plantar

Front 109

Origin of Abductor Digiti Minimi

Back 109

Lateral process of tuberosity of the calcaneus, plantar aponuerosis

Front 110

Insertion of Abductor Digiti Minimi

Back 110

Lateral side of the first phalanx of the fifth toe

Front 111

Action of Abductor Digiti Minimi

Back 111

Abducts the small toe

Front 112

Innervation of Abductor Digiti Minimi

Back 112

Lateral plantar Nerve

Front 113

Origin of Quadratus Plantae

Back 113

Calcaneus, by two heads

Front 114

Insertion of Quadratus Plantae

Back 114

Tendon of flexor digitorum longus

Front 115

Action of Quadratus Plantae

Back 115

Toe Flexion

Front 116

Innervation of Quadratus Plantae

Back 116

Lateral Plantar

Front 117

Origin of Lumbricals

Back 117

Tendon of the flexor digitorum longus

Front 118

Insertion of Lumbricals

Back 118

Tendons of the extensor digitorum longus muscle and into the medial side of the first phalanx of the corresponding toes

Front 119

Action of Lumbricals

Back 119

Flexes toes at metatarsophalangeal joint, extends toes in interphalangeal joints of four lateral toes

Front 120

Innervation of Lumbricals

Back 120

Medial plantar (1st). Lateral plantar (2nd, 3rd and 4th)

Front 121

Origin of Flexor Hallucis Brevis

Back 121

Plantar surface of cuboid bone, tendon of tibialis posterior

Front 122

Insertion of Flexor Hallucis Brevis

Back 122

First phalanx of great toe

Front 123

Action of Flexor Hallucis Brevis

Back 123

Flexs great toe

Front 124

Innervation of Flexor Hallucis Brevis

Back 124

Medial plantar

Front 125

Origin of Adductor Hallucis

Back 125

Oblique head from bases of second, third and fourth metatarsals and from sheath of tendon of the peroneus (fibularis) longus. Transverse head from capsules of lateral four metatarsophalangeal joints and from the transverse metatarsal ligament

Front 126

Insertion of Adductor Hallucis

Back 126

Lateral side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the great toe

Front 127

Action of Adductor Hallucis

Back 127

Adducts great toe

Front 128

Innervation of Adductor Hallucis

Back 128

Lateral plantar

Front 129

Origin of Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis

Back 129

Fifth metatarsal

Front 130

Insertion of Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis

Back 130

First phalanx, fifth toe

Front 131

Action of Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis

Back 131

Flexion of proximal phalanx, fifth toe

Front 132

Innervation of Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis

Back 132

Lateral Plantar

Front 133

Origin of Interossei, Dorsal

Back 133

The dorsal interossei arise by two heads from adjacent sides of metatarsal bones

Front 134

Insertion of Interossei, Dorsal

Back 134

1- medial side of first phalanx, 2nd toe
2- lateral side of first phalanx, 2nd toe
3- lateral side of first phalanx, 3rd toe
4- lateral side of frist phalanx, 4th toe

Front 135

Action of Interossei, Dorsal

Back 135

Abduction of 2nd, 3rd, and 4th toes from axis of 2nd toe

Front 136

Innervation of Interossei, Dorsal

Back 136

Lateral plantar

Front 137

Origin of Interossei, Plantar

Back 137

Medial side of 3, 4, 5 metatarsals

Front 138

Insertion of Interossei, Plantar

Back 138

Medial side of 3, 4, 5 toes, first phalanx

Front 139

Action of Interossei, Plantar

Back 139

Adduction of 3rd, 4th and 5th toes towards axis of 2nd toe

Front 140

Innervation of Interossei, Plantar

Back 140

Lateral plantar

Front 141

Origin of Extensor Digitorum Brevis

Back 141

Forepart of calcaneus on dorsal surface - divides into three tendons

Front 142

Insertion of Extensor Digitorum Brevis

Back 142

Lateral side of tendons of extensor digitorum longus

Front 143

Action of Extensor Digitorum Brevis

Back 143

Extends three middle toes

Front 144

Innervation of Extensor Digitorum Brevis

Back 144

Deep Fibular

Front 145

Origin of Extensor Hallucis Brevis

Back 145

Forepart of calcaneus on dorsal surface

Front 146

Insertion of Extensor Hallucis Brevis

Back 146

Dorsum of first phalanx of great toe

Front 147

Action of Extensor Hallucis Brevis

Back 147

Extends proximal phalanx of great toe

Front 148

Innervation of Extensor Hallucis Brevis

Back 148

Deep Fibular

Front 149

Origin of piriformis

Back 149

Anterior surface of sacrum near margin of greater sciatic notch

Front 150

Insertion of piriformis

Back 150

Superior surface of greater trochanter

Front 151

Action of piriformis

Back 151

External rotation of extended hip, abducts hip when limb is flexed

Front 152

Innervation of piriformis

Back 152

Sacral

Front 153

Origin of Gemellus Superior

Back 153

Lateral surface of ischial spine

Front 154

Insertion of Gemellus Superior

Back 154

Medial aspect of superior border of greater trochanter

Front 155

Action of Gemellus Superior

Back 155

Hip external rotation

Front 156

Innervation of Gemellus Superior

Back 156

Nerve to obturator internus and gemellus superior

Front 157

Origin of Obturator Internus

Back 157

Internal surface of pelvis. Inner surface of obturator membrane

Front 158

Insertion of Obturator Internus

Back 158

Medial surface of greater trochanter of femur

Front 159

Action of Obturator Internus

Back 159

Hip external rotation

Front 160

Innervation of Obturator Internus

Back 160

Nerve to obturator internus and gemellus superior

Front 161

Origin of Gemellus Inferior

Back 161

Upper part of ischial tuberosity

Front 162

Insertion of Gemellus Inferior

Back 162

Medial aspect of superior border of greater trochanter

Front 163

Action of Gemellus Inferior

Back 163

Hip external rotation

Front 164

Innervation of Gemellus Inferior

Back 164

Nerve of quadratus femoris and gemellus inferior

Front 165

Origin of Obturator Externus

Back 165

Pubis and ischium near rim of obturator foramen. Outer surface of obturator membrane

Front 166

Insertion of Obturator Externus

Back 166

Passing back of neck of femur it is inserted into the fossa of the greater trochanter

Front 167

Action of Obturator Externus

Back 167

Hip External rotation

Front 168

Innervation of Obturator Externus

Back 168

Obturator

Front 169

Origin of Quadratus Femoris

Back 169

Tuberosity of ischium

Front 170

Insertion of Quadratus Femoris

Back 170

Quadrate tubercle of intertrochanteric crest

Front 171

Action of Quadratus Femoris

Back 171

Hip external rotation, adduction

Front 172

Innervation of Quadratus Femoris

Back 172

Nerve to quadratus femoris and gemellus inferior

Front 173

Origin of Gracilis

Back 173

Lateral on inferior ramus of pubis and ischium

Front 174

Insertion of Gracilis

Back 174

On medial surface of tibia, besides sartorius and semitendinosus where shaft and head join

Front 175

Action of Gracilis

Back 175

Knee flexion and internal rotation, hip adduction

Front 176

Innervation of Gracilis

Back 176

Obturator

Front 177

Origin of Adductor Brevis

Back 177

Lateral surface of inferior ramus of pubis

Front 178

Insertion of Adductor Brevis

Back 178

Upper third of linea aspera

Front 179

Action of Adductor Brevis

Back 179

Hip adduction, slight medial rotation, extension flexion

Front 180

Innervation of Adductor Brevis

Back 180

Obturator

Front 181

Origin of Adductor Longus

Back 181

Body of pubis

Front 182

Insertion of Adductor Longus

Back 182

Middle half of medial lip of linea aspera

Front 183

Action of Adductor Longus

Back 183

Hip adduction, slight internal rotation, extension, flexion

Front 184

Innervation of Adductor Longus

Back 184

Obturator

Front 185

Origin of Adductor Magnus

Back 185

External surface of ischial tuberosity and inferior rami of ischium and pubis - horizontal fibers form the ramus and the pubis are sometimes called the adductor minimis

Front 186

Insertion of Adductor Magnus

Back 186

Entire length of linea aspera; medial supracondylar ridge of femur, and adductor tubercle

Front 187

Action of Adductor Magnus

Back 187

Hip adduction, external rotation, extension (lower portion), flexion (upper portion)

Front 188

Innervation of Adductor Magnus

Back 188

Obturator and sciatic

Front 189

Origin of Gluteus Medius

Back 189

External surface of ilium between iliac crest and posterior gluteal line and anterior gluteal line

Front 190

Insertion of Gluteus Medius

Back 190

External surface of greater trochanter

Front 191

Action of Gluteus Medius

Back 191

Abducts hip, rotates thigh internally when leg is extended, stabilization of opposite hip

Front 192

Innervation of Gluteus Medius

Back 192

Superior Gluteal

Front 193

Origin of Psoas Minor

Back 193

Sides of the bodies of T12 and L1 and between disc

Front 194

Insertion of Psoas Minor

Back 194

Pectineal line and iliopectineal eminence

Front 195

Action of Psoas Minor

Back 195

Flexion of the pelvis and lumbar spine

Front 196

Innervation of Psoas Minor

Back 196

L1 and L2

Front 197

Origin of Vastus Medialis

Back 197

Medial lip of linea aspera

Front 198

Insertion of Vastus Medialis

Back 198

Tibial tuberosity via quadriceps tendon

Front 199

Action of Vastus Medialis

Back 199

Knee extension

Front 200

Innervation of Vastus Medialis

Back 200

Femoral

Front 201

Origin of Vastus Intermedius

Back 201

Proximal two-thirds anteriolateral surface of the femur

Front 202

Insertion of Vastus Intermedius

Back 202

Deep surface of quadriceps tendon to the tibial tuberosity

Front 203

Action of Vastus Intermedius

Back 203

Knee Extension

Front 204

Innervation of Vastus Intermedius

Back 204

Femoral

Front 205

Origin of Vastus Lateralis

Back 205

Lateral lip of linea aspera

Front 206

Insertion of Vastus Lateralis

Back 206

Tibial tuberosity via quadriceps

Front 207

Action of Vastus Lateralis

Back 207

Knee Extension

Front 208

Innervation of Vastus Lateralis

Back 208

Femoral