Lower Limb Muscles

Front 1

Popliteus

Back 1

Origin: Lateral condyle of femur
Insertion: Posterior Tibia
Innervation: Tibial Nerve
Action: weakly flex the knee and unlocks it by medially rotating tibia of planted limb

Front 2

Flexor Hallucis Longus

Back 2

Origin: Lower fibula, Interosseus membrane
Insertion: Base of distal Phalanx of big toe
Innervation: Tibial Nerve
Action: Flexes great toe, plantar flex ankle, support medial arch

Front 3

Flexor Digitorum Longus

Back 3

Origin: Medial Posterior Tibia
Insertion: Base of distal phalanges of 4 digits
Innervation: Tibial
Action: Flex digits, plantar flex, longitudinal arch

Front 4

Tibialis Posterior

Back 4

Origin: Posterior Tibia, Fibula, Interosseus membrane
Insertion: Tuberosities of tarsals, bases of 2nd 3rd 4th
Innervation: Tibial
Action: Plantar flex, invert foot

Front 5

Extensor Digitorum Brevis

Back 5

Origin: anterolateral Calcaneous
Insertion: tendons blend with long extensor
Innervation: Deep Fibular
Action: assist in extending toes

Front 6

Extensor Hallucis Brevis

Back 6

Origin: medial belly of extensor digitorum brevis
Insertion: Proximal phalanx of big toe
Innervation: Deep Fibular
Action: assist in big toe extension

Front 7

Abductor Digiti Minimi

Back 7

1st Layer
Origin: medial and lateral tubercles of calcaneus, plantar aponeurosis
Insertion: Lateral base proximal phalanx 5th digit
Innervation: Lateral Plantar nerve
Action: abduct and flex little toe

Front 8

Flexor Digitorum Brevis

Back 8

1st Layer
Origin: Median Tubercle of calcaneus, plantar aponeurosis
Insertion: Both sides of middle philanges of lateral 4 digits
Innervation: medial plantar nerve
Action: Flexes lateral 4

Front 9

Adductor Hallucis

Back 9

1st Layer
Origin: Medial tubercle of tuberosity of calcaneus, flexor retinaculum, plantar aponeurosis
Insertion: medial side of base of proximal phalanx 1st digit
Innervation: Medial Plantar nerve
Action: Abducts and Flexes 1st digit

Front 10

Quadratus Plantae

Back 10

2nd Layer
Origin: medial surface lateral margin plantar calcaneus
Insertion: Tendon of Flexor digitorum
Innervation: Lateral Plantar Nerve
Action: Assist Flexor digitorum longus

Front 11

Lumbricals

Back 11

2nd Layer
Origin: Tendons of flexor digitorum longus
Insertion: Medial aspect of expansion over 4 lateral digits
Innervation: medial digit is medial plantar. lateral three are lateral plantar
Action: Flex Proximal philanges

Front 12

Flexor Hallucis Brevis

Back 12

3rd Layer
Origin: Plantar cuboid and lateral cuneforms
Insertion: Proximal Phalanx of 1st digit
Innervation: Medial Plantar nerve
Action: Flex Proximal Phalanx of first digit

Front 13

Adductor Hallucis

Back 13

3rd Layer
Origin: Oblique- base of meta 2-4. Transverse- plantar ligaments of MTP
Insertion: Lateral bone of proximal phalanx 1st digit
Innervation: Deep branch lateral plantar
Action: Adduct first digit, assist transverse arch

Front 14

Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis

Back 14

3rd Layer
Origin: Base of 5th meta
Insertion: Base of proximal phalanx 5th digit
Innervation: Superficial branch lateral plantar
Action: flex 5th digit

Front 15

Plantar and Dorsal Interossei

Back 15

4th Layer (3 Plantar, 4 dorsal)
Origin: bases and medial sides of meta 3-5
Insertion: medial base of philanges 3-5
Innervation: Lateral plantar nerve
Action: Adducts digits and flex meta

Front 16

Bicep Femoris

Back 16

Origin: Long Head- ischial tuberosity, Short Head- line aspera and supra condoler
Insertion: Lateral head of fibula
Innervation: L.H. - Tibial Division of sciatic. S.H.- common fibular division of sciatic nerve
Action: Flex and laterally rotate leg, extend thigh

Front 17

Semimembranous

Back 17

Origin: upper and lateral ischial tuberosity
Insertion: posterior part of medial condole of tibia
Innervation: Tibial Division of sciatic nerve
Action: flex knee, extend thigh

Front 18

Semitendinous

Back 18

Origin: Upper and medial ischial tuberosity
Insertion: Superior medial tibia
Innervation: Tibial division of sciatic nerve
Action: Flexes leg, extends thigh

Front 19

Iliopsoas/ Psoas Major

Back 19

Origin: sides of vertebrae T12-L5 and transverse processes of L1-L5
Insertion: Lesser Trochanter
Innervation: Ventral Rami
Action: Flex thigh/ stabilize hib

Front 20

Iliacus

Back 20

Origin: Iliac Crest, Iliac Fossa, ala of sacrum and anterior sacroiliac ligaments
Insertion: Tendon of psoas major and body of femur
Innervation: Femoral Nerve
Action: Flex thigh

Front 21

Tensor Fasciae Latae

Back 21

Origin: Anterior Superior Iliac spine
Insertion: Lateral condyle of tibia via iliotibial tract
Innervation: Superior Gluteal Nerve
Action: Abducts, laterally rotates, flex thigh

Front 22

Sartorius

Back 22

Origin: Anterior Superior iliac spine and notch below
Insertion: superior medial surface of tibia
Innervation: Femoral Nerve
Action: abducts, medially rotates and flexes thigh

Front 23

Rectus Femoris

Back 23

Origin: Anterior inferior iliac spine and groove of acetabulum
Insertion: Base of patella and patellar tendon
Innervation: Femoral Nerve
Action: Extend knee, Flex thigh

Front 24

Vastus Lateralis

Back 24

Origin: Greater Trochantor and lateral lip of linea aspera
Insertion: Base of Patella and Patellar tendon
Innervation: Femoral Nerve
Action: Extends the leg at the knee joint

Front 25

Vastus Medialis

Back 25

Origin: Intertrochanteric line and medial lip of linea aspera
Insertion: base of patella and patellar tendon
Innervation: femoral nerve
Action: extend knee

Front 26

Vastus Intermedius

Back 26

Origin: Anterior and lateral femur
Insertion: Base of Patella and patellar tendon
Innervation: Femoral Nerve
Action: Extend knee

Front 27

Pectineus

Back 27

Origin: Pecten pubis
Insertion: Pectineal line of femur
Innervation: femoral nerve
Action: adducts and flex thigh

Front 28

Adductor Longus

Back 28

Origin: Body of pubis
Insertion: middle third of line aspera
Innervation: obturator nerve
Action: adducts thigh

Front 29

Adductor Brevis

Back 29

Origin: Body and inferior pubic ramus
Insertion: Pectineal line and line aspera
Innervation: Obturator nerve
Action: adducts and flex thigh

Front 30

Gracilis

Back 30

Origin: body of pubis and inferior pubic rams
Insertion: Superior medial tibia
Innervation: Obturator nerve
Action: Adduct flex and medially rotate

Front 31

Obturator Externus

Back 31

Origin: Margins of obturator foramen and obturator membrane
Insertion: Trochanteric Fossa
Innervation: Obturator nerve
Action: Laterally rotates thigh and stabilize acetabulum

Front 32

Gluteus Minimus

Back 32

Origin: Ilium
Insertion: Anterior border of greater trochanter
Innervation: Superior Gluteal Nerve
Action: abducts rotates medially

Front 33

Gluteus Maximus

Back 33

Origin: Ilium, sacrum and sacrotuberous ligament
Insertion: Iliotibial tract and gluteal tuberosity
Innervation: Inferior Gluteal nerve
Action: Extends thigh and some lateral rotation

Front 34

Gluteus Medius

Back 34

Origin: Lateral Ilium
Insertion: greater Trochanter
Innervation: Superior Gluteal nerve
Action: Adducts thigh, rotate medially

Front 35

Adductor Magnus

Back 35

Origin: Inferior pubis ramus, ramus of ischium, Hamstring- Ischial tuberosity
Insertion: Gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera, supracondylar line. Hamstring- adductor tubercle
Innervation: Adductor- obturator. Hamstring- tibial
Action: Adductor and extend thigh

Front 36

Piriformis

Back 36

Origin: Anterior Surface of sacrum and sacrotuberous ligament
Insertion: Superior border of greater trochanter
Innervation: Ventral Rami
Action: laterally rotate, abduct flexed thigh

Front 37

Obturator Internus

Back 37

Origin: Obturator Membrane and foramen
Insertion: Medial greater trochanter
Innervation: nerve to obturator internus
Action: Laterally rotates thigh and abducts flexed thigh

Front 38

Gemellus Superior

Back 38

Origin: Outer surface of ischial spine
Insertion: medial greater trochanter
Innervation: nerve to obturator internus
Action: Laterally rotates thigh

Front 39

Gemellus Inferior

Back 39

Origin: upper margin of ischial tuberosity
Insertion: medial surface of greater trochanter
Innervation: nerve to quadratus femoris
Action: laterally rotates thigh

Front 40

Quadratus Femoris

Back 40

Origin: Lateral margin of ischial tuberosity
Insertion: quadrate tubercle on intertrochanteric crest
Innervation: nerve to quadratus femoris
Action: Laterally rotates

Front 41

Tibialis Anterior

Back 41

Origin: Lateral condyle and proximal half of lateral tibia
Inseriton: Medial Plantar of medial cuneform and 1st meta
Innervation: Deep fibular nerve
Action: doriflexes ankle and inverts foot

Front 42

Extensor Hallucis Longus

Back 42

Origin: Middle anterior surface of fibula
Insertion: base of distal phalanx of great toe
Innervation: Deep fibular nerve
Action: Extends great toe and dorsiflexes ankle

Front 43

Extensor Digitorum Longus

Back 43

Origin: Lateral condyle of tibia and anterior interosseus membrane
Insertion: Middle and distal philanges of 2-5
Innervation: Deep fibular nerve
Action: extends 2-5 and dorsiflex

Front 44

Fibularis Tertius

Back 44

Origin: Distal fibula
Insertion: Dorsum of base of 5th
Innervation: deep fibular
action: dorsiflexes ankle and aids eversion

Front 45

Fibularis Brevis

Back 45

Origin: Distal two thirds of fibula
Insertion: Dorsal surface of tuberosity on 5th
Innervation: superficial fibular
Action: everts foot and weak plant flex

Front 46

Fibularis longus

Back 46

Origin: Head of fibula
Insertion: Plantar base of first meta and middle cuneform
Innervation: superficial fibular
Action: everts foot and weak plantar flex

Front 47

Gastrocnemius

Back 47

Origin: Lateral Head- lateral condyle femur. Medial head- popliteal surface above medial condyle
Insertion: Calcaneal tendon
Innervation: tibial nerve
Action: plantar flexsion, flex knee

Front 48

Soleus

Back 48

Origin: Posterior head of fibula and soleal line of tibia
Insertion: calcaneal tendon
Innervation: Tibial nerve
Action: plantar flex

Front 49

Plantaris

Back 49

Origin: Popliteal surface of femur
Insertion: calcaneal tendon
Innervation: Tibial nerve
Action: assist gastrocnemius