Lower Limb: Foot And Ankle

Front 1

How many phalanges?

Back 1

14

Front 2

How many metatarsals (instep)?

Back 2

5

Front 3

How many tarsals?

Back 3

7

Front 4

What are the most distal bones of the foot?

Back 4

Phalanges

Front 5

How many phalanges does the 1st digit of the foot have and what are they?

Back 5

2; proximal and distal phalanx

Front 6

How many phalanges does digits 2-5 have on the foot and what are they?

Back 6

3; proximal, middle, and distal phalanx

Front 7

What are the differences between the phalanges of the hand and the foot?

Back 7

There are two noticeable differences; the phalanges of the foot are smaller, and their movements are much more limited than the hand.

Front 8

What are the five bones of the instep of the foot?

Back 8

5 metatarsals

Front 9

What are the three parts of the metatarsals?

Back 9

The base, body (diaphysis/shaft), and the head. The base is proximal, and the head is distal.

Front 10

What is a common trauma site for the foot?

Back 10

Base of the 5th metatarsal. The 5th tuberosity. It must be well visualized on radiographs.

Front 11

What is the joint called between the proximal and distal phalanx of the first digit of the foot?

Back 11

The interphalangeal (IP) joint.

Front 12

What is the joint called between the middle and distal phalanges of digits 2-5 on the foot?

Back 12

Distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint.

Front 13

What is the joint called between the proximal and middle phalanges of digits 2-5 on the foot?

Back 13

Proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint.

Front 14

What is the joint called between the head of the metatarsal and the proximal phalanx of the foot called?

Back 14

Metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint.

Front 15

What is the joint called at the base of each metatarsal of the foot?

Back 15

Tarsometatarsal (TMT) joint.

Front 16

What is the central ray (CR) location for an AP projection of the foot?

Back 16

Base of the third metatarsal.

Front 17

Where are the sesamoid bones located on the foot and what are their names?

Back 17

They are located on the plantar/posterior surface at the head of the first metatarsal near the first MTP joint. The sesamoid bone on the medial side is the tibial sesamoid, and the sesamoid bone on the lateral side is the fibular sesamoid bone.

Front 18

What are the 7 tarsal bones?

Back 18

Calcaneus, cuboid, navicular, medial cuneiform, middle cuneiform, lateral cuneiform, and the talus.

Front 19

What is a common site for bone spurs on the calcaneus?

Back 19

The tuberosity.

Front 20

What are the rounded processes of the calcaneus?

Back 20

The lateral and medial processes.

Front 21

What large tendon is attached to the calcaneus?

Back 21

The Achilles tendon.

Front 22

What two bones does the calcaneus articulate with?

Back 22

The cuboid anteriorly and superiorly with the talus.

Front 23

What projection will you best be able to visualize laterally the peroneal trochlea (trochlear process)?

Back 23

Axial

Front 24

Which prominent bony process that is on the medial proximal aspect of the calcaneus that means support of the talus?

Back 24

The sustentaculum tali.

Front 25

What does the superior articulation with the talus form?

Back 25

The subtalar (talocalcaneal) joint. Articular facets will appear at this joint with the talus.

Front 26

What are the articular facets that appear at the subtalar joint with the talus?

Back 26

The posterior, anterior, and middle articular facets.

Front 27

What does the navicular articulate with?

Back 27

Posteriorly with the talus, and anteriorly with the medial, intermediate, and lateral cuneiforms.

Front 28

What is the name of the deep depression between the posterior and middle articular facets?

Back 28

Calcaneal sulcus

Front 29

What is the name of the opening in the middle of the subtalar joint?

Back 29

Sinus tarsi

Front 30

What is the largest tarsal bone?

Back 30

Calcaneus

Front 31

What is the second largest tarsal bone?

Back 31

Talus

Front 32

What does the talus articulate with?

Back 32

Superiorly with the tibia and fibula, interfiorly with the calcaneus, and anteriorly with the navicular.

Front 33

Where is the talus located?

Back 33

Between the lower leg and the calcaneus. The weight of the body is transmitted by this bone through important ankle and talocalcaneal joints.

Front 34

Where are the cuneiforms located?

Back 34

The three cuneiforms are located on the medial and mid aspects of the foot between the first three metatarsals distally and the navicular proximally.

Front 35

What is the largest cuneiform and what does it articulate with?

Back 35

The medial (first) cuneiform articulates with the first metatarsal.

Front 36

What is the smallest cuneiform and what does it articulate with?

Back 36

The intermediate (second) cuneiform articulates with the second metatarsal.

Front 37

What does the lateral (third) cuneiform articulate with?

Back 37

The third metatarsal distally and with the cuboid laterally.

Front 38

What do all three cuneiforms articulate with?

Back 38

The navicular proximally.

Front 39

What does the medial cuneiform articulate with?

Back 39

The navicular proximally, the first and second metatarsals distally, and the intermediate cuneiform laterally.

Front 40

What does the intermediate cuneiform articulate with?

Back 40

The navicular proximally, the second metatarsal distally, and the medial and lateral cuneiforms on each side.

Front 41

What does the lateral cuneiform articulate with?

Back 41

The navicular proximally, the second, third, and fourth metatarsals distally, the intermediate cuneiform medially, and the cuboid laterally.

Front 42

Where is the cuboid located?

Back 42

On the lateral aspect of the foot, distal to the calcaneus and proximal to the fourth and fifth metatarsals.

Front 43

What does the cuboid articulate with?

Back 43

The cuboid articulates with the calcaneus proximally, the lateral cuneiform medially, the fourth and fifth metatarsals distally. Occasionally, it also articulates with a fifth bone, the navicular.

Front 44

What is the purpose of the longitudinal and transverse arches of the foot?

Back 44

Provide strong, shock-absorbing support for the weight of the body.

Front 45

What compromises the longitudinal arch of the foot?

Back 45

The longitudinal arch of the foot is springy and compromises a medial and a lateral component, with most of the arch on the medial and mid aspects of the foot.

Front 46

Where is the transverse arch located?

Back 46

Primarily along the plantar surface of the distal tarsals and the tarsometatarsal joints. It is primarily made up of wedge-shaped cuneiforms, especially the smaller second and third cuneiforms, in combination with the larger first cuneiform and the cuboid.