Lower Limb: Bone Of The Lower Limb

Front 1

There are also two bony ridges connecting the two trochanters; the intertrochanteric line posteriorly and the trochanteric crest anteriorly. T/F

Back 1

False

intertrochanteric line Anteriorly and the trochanteric crest posteriorly.

Front 2

ligamentum teres attaches to the fovea. T/F

Back 2

True

Front 3

The fovea is a small depression present on the head of femur bone. T/F

Back 3

True

Front 4

The neck of femur bone is cylindrical, projecting in a superior and lateral direction. T/F

Back 4

False

Superior and medial

Front 5

The neck of femur bone is set at an angle of approximately 120° degrees to the shaft. T/F

Back 5

False

135°

This angle of projection allows for an increased range of movement at the hip joint.

Front 6

Greater trochanter – the most medial palpable projection of bone that originates from the posterior aspect, just lateral to the neck.

Back 6

False

Lateral

Anterior aspect, just lateral to the neck

Front 7

What are the muscles that originate from the greater tronchanter :

Back 7

Gluteus medius,

Gluteus minimum.

Piriformis

Vastus lateralis

Front 8

An avulsion fracture of the greater trochanter can occur as a result of forceful contraction of the gluteus minimus. T/F

Back 8

False

Gluteus medius

Front 9

Lesser tronchanter projects from the posteromedial side of the femur, just inferior to the neck-shaft junction. T/F

Back 9

True

Front 10

________ is the site of attachment for iliopsoas (forceful contraction of which can cause an avulsion fracture of the lesser trochanter).

Back 10

Lesser tronchanter

Front 11

Intertronchanteric crest is located on the posterior surface of the femur. T/F

Back 11

True

Front 12

There is a rounded tubercle on its superior half called the quadrate tubercle; T/F

Back 12

True

Front 13

What muscle attaches to the quadrate tubercle located on the superior half of intertronchanteric crest

Back 13

Quadratus femoris

Front 14

The shaft of the femur descends in a slight lateral direction. T/F

Back 14

Medial

Front 15

A cross section of the shaft in the middle is circular but flattened posteriorly at the proximal aspect only. T/F

Back 15

and distal aspects.

Front 16

On the posterior surface of the femoral shaft, there are roughened ridges of bone, called the linea aspera (Latin for rough line. T/F

Back 16

True

Front 17

Linea aspera splits proximally to form the medial and lateral supracondylar lines. The f lat popliteal surface lies between them.

Back 17

False

Distally

Front 18

Proximally, the lateral border of the linea aspera becomes the pectineal line

Back 18

False

Medial

Front 19

The lateral border of the linea aspera becomes the gluteal tuberosity, where the gluteus maximus attaches. T/F

Back 19

True

Front 20

Distally, the linea aspera widens and forms the floor of the popliteal fossa

Back 20

True

Front 21

The medial and lateral borders of the distal linea aspera forms the medial and lateral supracondylar lines. T/F

Back 21

True

Front 22

The medial supracondylar line ends at the adductor tubercle, where the adductor magnus attaches. T/F

Back 22

True

Front 23

The patella (kneecap) is located at the front of the knee joint, within the patellofemoral groove of the femur.T/F

Back 23

True

Front 24

Patella

Inferior aspect is attached to the quadriceps tendon and superior aspect to the patellar ligament.

Back 24

False

Superior - quadriceps tendon

Inferior - patellar ligament

Front 25

Patella classified as a sesamoid type bone due to its position within the quadriceps tendon. T/F

Back 25

True

Front 26

__________ is the largest sesamoid bone in the body.

Back 26

Patella

Front 27

Patella Enhances the leverage that the quadriceps tendon can exert on the femur, increasing the efficiency of the muscle. T/F

Back 27

True

Front 28

The tibia is the main bone of the lower leg, forming what is more commonly known as the shin. T/F

Back 28

True

Front 29

The tibia is the second largest bone in the body and it is a key weight-bearing structure. T/F

Back 29

True

Front 30

The proximal tibia is widened by the medial and lateral condyles, which aid in weight-bearing. T/F

Back 30

True

Front 31

The condyles form a flat surface, known as the tibial plateau. This structure articulates with the femoral condyles to form the key articulation of the knee joint.

Back 31

True

Front 32

The shaft of the tibia is prism-shaped. T/F

Back 32

True

Front 33

The proximal aspect of the anterior border is marked by the tibial tuberosity; the attachment site for the patella ligament. T/f

Back 33

True

Front 34

The soleal line is the site of origin for part of the soleus muscle, and extends inferomedially, eventually blending with the medial border of the tibia. T/F

Back 34

True

Front 35

There is usually a nutrient artery distal end to the soleal line.

Back 35

False proximal

Front 36

Lateral border of the tibia bone also known as the interosseous border. It gives attachment to the interosseous membrane that binds the tibia and the fibula together. T/F

Back 36

True

Front 37

The medial malleolus is a bony projection continuing inferiorly on the medial aspect of the tibia. T/F

Back 37

True

Front 38

On the posterior surface of the tibia, there is a groove through which the tendon of tibialis posterior passes. T/f

Back 38

True

Front 39

Laterally is the fibular notch, where the fibula is bound to the tibia – forming the distal tibiofibular joint. T/f

Back 39

True

Front 40

The main function of fibula is to act as an attachment for muscles, and not as a weight-bearer. T/F

Back 40

True

Front 41

It has three main articulations mention them

Back 41

Proximal tibiofibular

Distal tibiofibular

Ankle joint

Front 42

Proximal tibiofibular joint – articulates with the medial condyle of the tibia. T/f

Back 42

False

Front 43

Distal tibiofibular joint – articulates with the f ibular notch of the tibia. T/f

Back 43

True

Front 44

Ankle joint – articulates with the talus bone of the foot. T/f

Back 44

True

Front 45

Bones of the foot can be divided into three groups: mention them

Back 45

•Tarsal

•Metatarsal

•Phalanges

Front 46

Tarsals – a set of seven regularly shaped bones. They are situated proximally in the foot in the ankle area.

Back 46

False

Irregularly shaped bones

Front 47

Metatarsal connects the phalanges to the tarsals. There are f ive in number – one for each digit. T/f

Back 47

True

Front 48

The foot can also be divided up into three regions: mention them

Back 48

(i) Hindfoot – talus and calcaneus;

(ii) Midfoot – navicular, cuboid, and cuneiforms;

(iii) Forefoot – metatarsals and phalanges.

Front 49

The talus is the most superior of the tarsal bones. T/f

Back 49

True

Front 50

Talus has three articulations: mention them

Back 50

Superiorly – ankle joint – between the talus and the bones of the leg (the tibia and fibula).

Inferiorly – subtalar joint – between the talus and calcaneus.

Anteriorly – talonavicular joint – between the talus and the navicular.

Front 51

The main function of the talus is to transmit forces from the tibia to the heel bone (known as the calcaneus). T/f

Back 51

True

Front 52

Talus is wider anteriorly compared to posteriorly which provides additional stability to the ankle. T/f

Back 52

True

Front 53

Whilst numerous ligaments attach to the talus, no muscles originate from or insert onto it. T/f

Back 53

True

This means there is a high risk of avascular necrosis as the vascular supply is dependent on fascial structures.

Front 54

The calcaneus is the largest tarsal bone and lies underneath the talus where it constitutes the heel. T/f

Back 54

True

Front 55

Calcaneus has three articulations. T/F

Back 55

False.

It has two articulations

Superiorly – subtalar (talocalcaneal) joint – between the calcaneus and the talus.

Anteriorly – calcaneocuboid joint – between the calcaneus and the cuboid

Front 56

The posterior aspect of the calcaneus is marked by calcaneal tuberosity, to which the Achilles tendon attaches. T/F

Back 56

True

Front 57

The intermediate row of tarsal bones contains one bone, the navicular (given its name because it is shaped like a boat). T/f

Back 57

True

Front 58

Positioned medially, Navicular bone articulates with the talus posteriorly, all three cuneiform bones anteriorly, and the cuboid bone laterally. T/F

Back 58

True

Front 59

On the plantar surface of the navicular, there is a tuberosity for the attachment of part of the tibialis posterior tendon. T/f

Back 59

True

Front 60

The distal row, there are four tarsal bones – the cuboid and the three cuneiforms. These bones articulate with the metatarsals of the foot. T/f

Back 60

True

Front 61

The cuboid is furthest lateral, lying anterior to the calcaneus and behind the fourth and fifth metatarsals. As its name suggests, it is cuboidal in shape. T/f

Back 61

True

Front 62

The inferior (plantar) surface of the cuboid is marked by a groove for the tendon of fibularis longus. T/f

Back 62

True

Front 63

The three cuneiforms (lateral, intermediate (or middle) and medial) are wedge shaped bones. T/f

Back 63

True

Front 64

The shape of the bones helps form a transverse arch across the foot. They are also the attachment point for several muscles. T/f

Back 64

True

Front 65

Medial cuneiform – tibialis anterior, (part of) tibialis posterior and fibularis Kong's

Lateral cuneiform – flexor hallucis brevis

Back 65

True