Lower Limb

Front 1

Inferior Gluteal Nerve

Back 1

L5, S1, S2,

Gluteus Maximus

Front 2

Superior Gluteal Nerve

Back 2

L5, S1

Tensor Fascia Latae, Gluteus Medius, Gluteus Minimus

Front 3

Piriformis Muscle

Back 3

Ventral Rami of s1 S2

Lateral Rotator

Front 4

Nerve to the Obterator Internus

Back 4

L5 S1

Superior Gemellus, Obturator Internus. Lateral Rotator

Front 5

Nerve to the quadratus femoris

Back 5

L5, S1
Inferior Gemellus, Quadratus femoris.
Lateral Rotator

Front 6

Gluteal Injection

Back 6

Avoid hitting the sciatic nerve or superior gluteal nerves. Upper lateral quadrant. PSIS and Greater trochantor above line and lateral.

Front 7

Cruciate Anastomosis

Back 7

Internal illiac connects with femoral atery. Branches of inferior and superior gluteal connect with first perforating branch of femoral artery and med ial and lateral femoral circumflex. Thigh and pelvis esp in women.

Front 8

Femoral Nerve

Back 8

L2, L3, L4.
sartorius, quadriceps,

Front 9

Sartorius

Back 9

Flexes, abducts, lateral rotator thigh, flexes knee. Femoral Nerve L2-L4

Front 10

Rectus Femoris

Back 10

Flexes hip and extends the knee. Femoral Nerve L2-L4.

Front 11

Vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, vastus medialis,

Back 11

Extends the knee. Femoral nerve.
L2-L4

Front 12

Pectineus

Back 12

Hip flexion, thigh adduction, femoral nerve L2-L4, Obturator Nerve L2-L4

Front 13

Psoas

Back 13

Ventral Rami of L2 and L3
Strongest Hip flexor

Front 14

Illiacus

Back 14

Femoral nerve L2, L3, L4
strong hip flexor

Front 15

Psoas Sign

Back 15

One of the tests used to determine if a patient has appendicits. Dr places hands on thigh superior to knee and asks patient to flex hip. Pain results.

Front 16

Adductor Longus, Adductor Brevis, Adductor Magnus (add portion)

Back 16

Adduction and hip flex. Obturator Nerve. L2-L4.

Front 17

Adductor Magnus (ham)

Back 17

Extension of hip. Tibial portion of sciatic nerve L4.

Front 18

Gracilis

Back 18

Adduction of hip and flexion of leg. Obturator nerve. L2-L4

Front 19

Obturator Externus.

Back 19

Lateral rotator of thigh. Obturator nerve L2, L3, L4

Front 20

Biceps femoris short head

Back 20

Flexion of knee. Common fibular nerve. L5, S1, S2

Front 21

Biceps Femoris Long head

Back 21

Extension of Hip, Tibial portion of sciatic nerve. L5, S1, S2

Front 22

Semitendinosus. Semimembranosus

Back 22

Hip Extensor. Tibial portion of sciatic nerve. L5, S1, S2

Front 23

Unhappy Triad.

Back 23

MCL is most commonly torn. Posterolateral force on extended planted knee. MCL and ACL to rupture. It also tears the medial meniscus.

Front 24

Intermittent cluadication

Back 24

Atherosclerosis blocks femoral artery. Causes ischemia in muscles it supplies during exercise. Pain goes away after resting. Area of pain indicates where blockage is.

Front 25

Avascular necrosis

Back 25

Condition when bone and marrow break down due to poor blood supply. If this occurs near a joint it results in collapse of joint surface causing pain and impaired mobility. MRI diagnose. The hip is the most common place of AVN.

Front 26

Sciatic Nerve

Back 26

Largest nerve in the body forms from the Ventral Rami of L4-S3. The tibial nerve is anterior portion and the fibular nerve is posterior.

Front 27

Tibial Nerve

Back 27

L4-S3. Anterior division. Biceps femoris long head. Semimembranosus and semitendinosus. Gastroc, soleus, plantaris, Posterior Tibial, Flexor Hallucis Longus, Flexor Digitorum Longus,

Front 28

Fibular Nerve

Back 28

L4-S2. Posterior division of ventral rami. Biceps short head. S2 is in the foot only. Divides into Superficial (flexor longus and Brevis L5-S2 Lateral) and deep (L4-S1)

Front 29

Obturator Nerve (L2-L4) Anterior Injuries

Back 29

Rare. Pressure from trauma, difficult delivery, hysterectomy, obturator hernia, carcinoma of cervix, bladder, rectur. Difficulty walking. Abducts thigh and bad medial rotation. Pain or decreased sensation to medial portion of the thigh.

Front 30

Branches of femoral artery

Back 30

In the femoral triangle, the femoral artery gives off numerous small cutaneous branches, that suppy the upper thigh and perineum. The superficial epigastric, superficial circumflex illiac artery, superficial external pudendal artery, deep external pudendal. First perforating branch off the deep femoral participates in cruciate anastomosis.

Front 31

Crural fascia

Back 31

Dense, unyielding, exoskeleton. Origin for muscle, forms two septae (anterior and posterior intermuscular septae that attach to the fibula. Along with the interosseus membrane it forms the compartments of the leg.

Front 32

Retinacula in ankle

Back 32

Crural fascia forms thickens to form 2 retinacula that maintain muscles in proper position to mmaximize efficiency. Superior extensor retinacula and inferior Y shaped retinacula.

Front 33

S1 Dermatome

Back 33

It gives cutaneous innervation to lateral heel and foot via the calcaneal branches of the sural nerve.

Front 34

Fibularis longus and brevis

Back 34

Eversion and plantarflexion. Superficial Fibular L5-S1-S2. posterior ventral rami. Lateral compartment muscles.

Front 35

Popliteal fossa.

Back 35

Transition between thigh and foot/leg. Neurovascular supply found here. Diamond shapped 3 muscles form border.
1. Biceps femoris (superolateral)
2. Semitendinosus/semimembranosus
(Superomedial)
3. 2 heads of the gastrocnemius inferior.