Lower Gi Pharm

Front 1

mechanism of psyllium and methylcellulose

Back 1

indigestible fiber that are bulk forming laxatives that absorb water and promote perstalsis

Front 2

mechanism of docusate

Back 2

softens stool by allowing water and lipids to penetrate the stool

Front 3

list the osmotic laxatives (6)

Back 3

magnesium hydroxide
sorbitol
lactulose
magnesium citrate
sodium phosphate
polyethylene glycol

Front 4

this osmotic laxative is a balanced isotonic solution that will not cause fluid or electrolyte imbalance

Back 4

polyethylene glycol

Front 5

associated with melanosis coli from long-term use

Back 5

stimulant laxatives

Front 6

this osmotic laxative should be avoided in patients with renal failure

Back 6

magnesium hydroxide or citrate can lead to hypermagnesia, this leads to hypocalcemia

Front 7

associated with use in chronic constipation or hepatic encephalopathy

Back 7

lactulose

Front 8

used for complete colon cleansing before GI endoscopic procedures

Back 8

polyethylene glycol

Front 9

list stimulant laxatives (6)

Back 9

senna
cascara
bisacodyl
lubiprostone
tegaserod
cisapride

Front 10

mechanism of stimulant laxatives

Back 10

directly stimulates the enteric nervous system to increase electrolyte and fluid secretion to induce bowel movement

Front 11

stimulant laxative that is a chloride channel activator

Back 11

lubiprostone

Front 12

stimulant laxatives that are a 5-HT4 receptor agonist

Back 12

tegaserod
cisapride

Front 13

associated with softened stool but no increase in stool frequency

Back 13

docusate

Front 14

adverse effects of sorbitol and lactulose

Back 14

flatus and cramps from bacteria digesting the sugars

Front 15

partial 5-HT4 agonist that is contraindicated in patient with cardiovascular disease (5-HT is vasoconstrictor)

Back 15

tergaserod

Front 16

5-HT4 and weak 5-HT3 agonist that is associated with prolongation of QT interval

Back 16

Cisapride

Front 17

mechanism of loperamide and diphenoxylate

Back 17

opioid agonist that inhibit cholinergic nerves and lead to decreased bowel motility

Front 18

differentiate CNS affects of loperamide vs. diphenoxylate

Back 18

loperamide does NOT cross the BBB, while diphenyoxylate does and prolonged use can cause opioid dependence

Front 19

these two drugs cause fluid absorption leading to decreased stool frequency by making stools less liquid

Back 19

kaolin
pectin

Front 20

2 anticholinergic drugs used in hypermotility disorders such as IBS

Back 20

dicyclomine
hyocyamine

Front 21

selective 5-HT3 antagonist with no CNS affects

Back 21

Alosetrone

Front 22

this receptor is important for visceral sensation and colonic motility

Back 22

5-HT3 - antangonizing this receptor reduces colonic contractility and visceral pain

Front 23

adverse effect of Alosetrone

Back 23

ischemic colitis

Front 24

selective 5-HT3 antagonist used for control of nausea secondary to chemotherapy

Back 24

ondansetron

Front 25

Is ondansetron effective for motion sickness

Back 25

No

Front 26

Adverse effect of ondansetron

Back 26

QT prolongation

Front 27

modified ACh molecule that resists hydrolyses - stimulates M3 receptors

Back 27

Bethanechol

Front 28

mechanism of Metoclopramide

Back 28

D2 antagonist and 5-HT4 agonist:
dopamine normally inhibits intestinal motility
5-HT4 promotes intestinal motility
**D2 blockade has antiemetic effect

Front 29

associated with extrapyramidal side effects with parkinsonian type features and tardive dyskinesia

Back 29

metoclopramide

Front 30

D2 receptor antagonist that lacks most CNS side effects of metaclopramide

Back 30

Domperidone

Front 31

associated with galactorrhea

Back 31

domperidone - inhibitory dopamine effects on prolactin lack BBB

Front 32

mimics motilin and is a potent contractile agent

Back 32

erythromycin

Front 33

neurokinin 1 antagonist available for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting

Back 33

Aprepitant

Front 34

promethazine

Back 34

first generation anti-histamine used for anti-emetic purposes

Front 35

prochlorperazine

Back 35

D2 receptor antagonist used for anti-emetic purposes

Front 36

inhibition of eicosanoid inflammatory mediators (COX and Lipoxygenase) used for IBS

Back 36

5-aminosalicyclic acid

Front 37

two different compounds of 5- aminosalicyclic acid

Back 37

Mesalamine
Sulfasalazine

Front 38

this 5-ASA compound is associated with hypersentitivies and pnuemonitis secondary to sulfa intolerance

Back 38

sulfasalazine

Front 39

this 5-ASA compound is associated with interstitial nephritis

Back 39

mesalamine

Front 40

drugs used for CF, pancreatitis, pancreatectomy

Back 40

pancrelipase
pancreatin

Front 41

Adverse effects of pancreatic supplements

Back 41

may increase incidence of gout

Front 42

reduces cholesterol secretion into bile - used for gallstones

Back 42

Ursodiol

Front 43

5 mechanisms used for cholinergic stimulation to stimulate GI motility

Back 43

1. muscarinic agonist
2. AChE inhibitor
3. dopamine receptor antagonist
4. 5-HT4 agonist
5. motilin agonist

Front 44

indication for mesalamine

Back 44

inflammatory bowel disease: mild-moderate ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease

Front 45

two anti-emetic drugs used for nausea

Back 45

metochlopramide
ondansetron

Front 46

treatment of IBS with diarrhea

Back 46

opioid agonists (loperamide, diphoxylate)
alosetron (5-HT3 antagonist)

Front 47

treatment of IBS with constipation

Back 47

lubiprostone
tergaserod

Front 48

two most effect antidiarrheal drugs

Back 48

diphenoxylate
loperamide