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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
what organs are in the foregut
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oesophagus --> miduodenum
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midgut
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mid-duodenum--> 2/3 transverse colon
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hindgut organs
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1/3 transverse colon--> 1/2 anal canal
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purpose of mucosal layers at:
- oesophagus & anus - stomach - small int - large int (colon) |
OES & ANUS: protective
STOM: secretory SMALL: absorp (nutrients) COLON: absorp (water, secretion (mucus)q |
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what the enteric nervous system
where does it innervate how is it influenced by ANS |
independent NS within WALLS of GI organs
- control contraction smooth muscle ANS: par ↑speed, symp ↓speed |
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which 3 sphincters control flow of GI content
- what type of muscle - loc |
PYLORIC- stomach exit, smooth m.
INTERNAL anal- sup anal canal, smooth m. EXTERNAL anal- infer anal canal, skeletal m. |
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what lines internal wall of stomach
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rugae
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where does the abdominal aorta bifurcate
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level of the umbilicus- T4
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what cells make up the peritoneum
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simple squamous epethelium - MESOTHELIUM
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what't the omental foramen
where is it what lies anterior to it |
communication between the greater & lesser sacs
posterior free edge of lesser omentum ANT: hepatoduodenal liagment (containing PORTAL TRIAD) |
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structure and attachments of greater omentum
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greater curve of stomach --> apron --> folds back on itself --> attaches back onto anterior transverse colon
double layerd mesothelium --> 4 layered omentum |
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what's contained within the mesentery
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blood vessels
nerves lymphatics |
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which intraperitoneal pouches are present in the male
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RECTOVESICAL: between rectum/ bladder
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which intraperitoneal pouches are present in the female
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UTEROVESICAL: uteruus/ bladder
RECTOUTERINE: rectum/ uterus |
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where does fluid collect in peritoneal infection
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male or female pouches
rectovesical (M) rectouterine or uterovesical (F) |
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name some retroperitoneal organs
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oesophagus
duodenum (part 2-4) ascending & descending colon kidneys, IVC & aorta anal canal & rectum |
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name some intraperitoneal oragns
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stomach
1st part duodenum liver spleen pancreas small int transverse colon sigmoid |
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role of the gallbladder
what is it stimulated by |
stores and concentrates bile (synthesised in liver)
contractions stimulated b y FAT & PROTEIN (mediated by hormone CCK) |
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what sensory nerve supply is to the body wall (abdo muscles) and PARIETAL pleura
what can it sense characteristic pain |
SOMATIC sensory
-pressure, PAIN, heat, laceration PAIN: localised, sharp, stabbing no referred pain (except inferior surface diaphragm) |
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irritation of the inferior surface of the diaphragm causes what particular pain feature
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REFERRED pain
C3,4,5 --> shoulder tip pain dermatomes supplied by those cervical spinal nerves |
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visceral nerve supply (sensory & motor) to smooth muscle of GI tract and VISCERAL peritoneum supplied by which nerve
sensitive to what characteristic pain |
CN X VAGUS
- insensitive to touch, heat, laceration - senses: stretch, ischaemia, inflammation, chemical irritation PAIN: poorly localised, dull, ache, nausea |
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visceral pain sensation from GI organs or visceral peritoneum can be referred where
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foregut --> epigastrium
midgut--> umbilius hindgut --> suprapubic |
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route a somatic pain signal would take
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1) somatic sensory nerve stimulation - AFFERENTS
2) POSTerior route spinal nerve (crossing over in spinal cord) 3) CNS (thalamus --> cerebral cortex) 4) somatic motor EFFERENTS 5) spinal cord crossing over 6) skeletal muscle effector |
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route visceral pain signal
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1) sensory visceral afferents
2) vagus sacral spinal ganglia (parasymp carnio-sacral outflow) 3) referred to dermatome |
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describe the pain of appendicitis and how it changes
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initial STRETCH irritation of VISCERAL peritoneum --> VISCERAL pain referred to umbilical region...
later irritation of PARIETAL peritoneum --> localised SOMATIC pain in RIF |
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at which part does bile from the liver enter the duodenum
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2nd part of duodenum via major duodenal papilla
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where can teh fundus of the gallbladder be located
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costal margin of 9th rib
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what's in the portal triad
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hepatic artery
hepatic portal vein CBD ANS nerves & lymphatics |
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3 main initial branches off the celiac trunk
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left gastric------splenic----------hepatic
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what branch does the splenic artery give
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left gastro-omental
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what branches does the hepatic artery give
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right gastric----gastroduodenal
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gastroduodenal arises from the hepatic artery of the celiac trunk.
what does this divide to give |
pancreaticoduodenal ----right gastro-omental
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coeliac trunk --> hepatic artery
- what does teh hepatic artery divide into |
cyctic artery ----- R & L hepatic branches
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how does the hepatic portal vein form
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IMA drains into splenic
SMA merges with splenic |
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CBD flow into duodenum controlled by what
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sphincter of oddi
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lobes of liver and loc
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R,L, caudate, quadrate
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what structure divides the L & R liver lobes anteriorly
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falciform lig --> round lig (embryological remnent)
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all nutreints except what is conveyed to liver by portanl system for METABOLISM
- what does liver store - what does it secrete in GI tract |
except FAT
- stored GLYCOGEN - synthesises BILE |
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acinar cells of pancreas - role and secretion
langerhans cells of pancreas- role & secretions |
ACINAR: EXOcrine- pancreatic juices via DUCTS
ISLETS: ENDOcrine- hormones into BLOOD (end-no ducts!) |
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what's a cholecystectomy
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removal of gallbladder (dissect portal triad)
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