Lower Extremity Muscles

Front 1

Iliopsoas

Back 1

O: Iliac fossa & T12-L5
I: Lesser trochanter
A: Hip flexion
N: Femoral

Front 2

Rectus femoris

Back 2

O: AIIS
I: Tibial tuberosity via patellar tendon
A: Hip flexion, knee extension
N: Femoral

Front 3

Sartorius

Back 3

O: ASIS
I: Prox medial tibia
A: Hip flexion, hip abduction, hip lateral rotation
N: Femoral

Front 4

Tensor Fasciae Latae

Back 4

O: ASIS
I: Lateral tibial condyle via IT band
A: Hip flexion, Hip Abduction, Hip medial rotation
N: Gluteal

Front 5

Adductor Magnus

Back 5

O: Ischium & pubis
I: Adductor tubercle & linea aspera
A: Hip adduction
N: Obturator

Front 6

Adductor Longus

Back 6

O: Pubis
I:Middle 3rd of linea aspera
A: Hip adductor
N: Obturator

Front 7

Adductor Brevis

Back 7

O: Pubis
I: Pectineal line & proximal linea aspera
A: Hip adductor
N: Obturator

Front 8

Pectineus

Back 8

O: Superior ramus of pubis
I: Pectineal line of femur
A: Hip flexion & adduction
N: Femoral

Front 9

Gracilis

Back 9

O: Body of pubis
I: Medial tibial condyle (anteriorly)
A: Hip adduction
N: Obturator

Front 10

Semimembranosus

Back 10

O: Ischial tuberosity
I: Medial tibial condyle (posteriorly)
A: Hip extension, Knee flexion
N: Sciatic

Front 11

Semitendinosus

Back 11

O: Ischial tuberosity
I: Anterior tibia
A: Hip extension, Knee flexion
N: Sciatic

Front 12

Biceps femoris
(Long head)

Back 12

O: Ischial tuberosity
I: Head of fibula
A: Hip extension, Knee flexion
N: Sciatic

Front 13

Biceps femoris
(Short head)

Back 13

O: Linea aspera
I: Head of fibula
A: Knee flexion
N: Sciatic

Front 14

Gluteus maximus

Back 14

O: Posterior sacrum & Ilium
I: Posterior femur, distal to greater trochanter & IT
A: Hip extension & lateral rotation
N: Gluteal

Front 15

Gluteus medius

Back 15

O: Lateral ilium
I: Greater trochanter
A: Hip Abduction
N: Gluteal

Front 16

Gluteus minimus

Back 16

O: Lateral ilium
I: Greater trochanter
A: Hip lateral rotation
N: Hip abduction & medial rotation

Front 17

Piriformis

Back 17

O: Sacrum
I: Greater trochanter
A: Hip lateral rotation
N: Anterior ramus

Front 18

Quadratus femoris

Back 18

O: Ischial tuberosity
I: Intertrochanteric crest
A: Hip lateral rotation
N: Quadratus femoris

Front 19

Rectus femoris

Back 19

O: AIIS
I: Tibial tuberosity
A: Hip flexion, knee extension
N: Femoral

Front 20

Vastus lateralis

Back 20

O: Greater trochanter
I: Tibial tuberosity
A: Knee extension
N: Femoral

Front 21

Vastus medialis

Back 21

O: Lesser trochanter
I: Tibial tuberosity
A: Knee extension
N: Femoral

Front 22

Name the 3 hamstrings

Back 22

1. Biceps femoris
2. Semimembranosus
3. Semitendinosus

Front 23

What makes up the pes anserine group?

Back 23

Semitendinosus
Gracilis
Sartorius

Front 24

4 Ligaments of knee

Back 24

Anterior cruciate ligament
Posterior cruciate ligament
Medial collateral ligament
Lateral collateral ligament

Front 25

Function of ACL & PCL

Back 25

ACL: prevents anterior forces of tibia on femur
PCL: prevents posterior forces of tibia on femur

Front 26

What muscle protects the knee from backward forces by holding the knee in extension?

Back 26

Gastrocnemius

Front 27

What is the triangular ligament on the medial side of the foot that holds up the arch?

Back 27

Deltoid ligament

Front 28

Weakest ligament and most common site of ankle sprains

Back 28

Anterior talofibular ligament

Front 29

Ligament connects calcaneus to navicular and supports arch.

Back 29

Spring ligament
(Plantar calcaneonavicular)

Front 30

Vastus intermedius

Back 30

O: Medial to greater trochanter
I: Tibial tuberosity
A: Knee extension
N: Femoral

Front 31

Popliteus

Back 31

O: Lateral femoral condyle
I: Medial tibial condyle (posteriorly)
A: Knee flexion
N: Tibial

Front 32

Gastrocnemius

Back 32

O: Medial & lateral femoral condyles
I: Calcaneus via Achille's tendon
A: Knee flexion & Ankle plantar flexion
N: Tibial

Front 33

Tibialis anterior

Back 33

O: Lateral tibia
I: Under foot to base of 1st metatarsal
A: Ankle dorsiflexion & inversion
N: Peroneal

Front 34

What bony landmark is felt at the peak of the arch

Back 34

Navicular

Front 35

What 2 muscles make up the "stirrup" that holds up the arch

Back 35

Tibialis anterior (medial)
Peroneus longus (lateral)

Front 36

What 3 muscles go around the medial malleolus and under the foot?

Back 36

Tibialis posterior
Flexor hallucis longus
Flexor digitorum longus

Front 37

Extensor digitorum longus

Back 37

O: Lateral tibial condyle & proximal fibula
I: Distal phalanges of lateral 4 toes
A: Extension of 4 toes & Ankle dorsiflexion
N: Peroneal

Front 38

Extensor Hallucis longus

Back 38

O: Anterior fibular
I: Dorsum of big toe
A: Extension of big toe & ankle dorsiflexion
N: Peroneal

Front 39

Soleus

Back 39

O: Fibular head & posterior tibia
I: Calcaneus via achilles tendon
A: Ankle Plantar flexion
N: Tibial

Front 40

Plantaris

Back 40

O: Lateral femoral condyle
I: Calcaneus via achilles tendon
A: Ankle plantar flexion
N: Tibial

Front 41

Flexor digitorum longus

Back 41

O: Posteromedial distal tibia
I: Base of distal phalanges of 4 toes
A: Flexion of 4 toes & Ankle plantar flexion, assists with inversion
N: Tibial

Front 42

Flexor hallucis longus

Back 42

O: Fibula
I: Great toe
A: Flexion of big toe, ankle plantar flexion, assists with inversion
N: Tibial

Front 43

Tibialis posterior

Back 43

O: Interosseus membrane & tibia & fibula
I: Tarsals & metatarsals
A: Plantarflexion & inversion
N: Tibial

Front 44

Peroneus longus

Back 44

O: Head of fibula & lateral tibial condyle
I: Behind lateral malleolus to 1st cuneiform & metatarsal
A: Plantar flexion & eversion
N: Peroneal

Front 45

Peroneus brevis

Back 45

O: lower 1/3rd of fibular
I: Base of 5th metatarsal
A: Plantar flexion & eversion
N: Peroneal

Front 46

Peroneus tertius

Back 46

O: distal fibula
I: dorsal surface of 5th metatarsal
A: Dorsiflexion & eversion
N: Peroneal