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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Septic Joint red flag
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Hot, swollen, red extremely painful (especially with passive motion)
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Tumor red flag
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Night pain; especially with contitutional signs (weight loss)
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Dislocation/Fracture red flags
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Deformity and loss of motion
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Compartment Syndrome Red Flag
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In forearm or leg with pallor, weak absent pulse, pain with passive motoins
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DVT red flags
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Significant sudden onset of limb swelling, pain, and bluish skin changes
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Open Fracture red flags
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Point bony pain and bleeding
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Arthritis clues
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Morning stiffness
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Muscle or tendon injury clues
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Pain only with active motion or resistance; weakness
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Articular injury clues
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Pain with both active and passive motion
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Ligament injury clues
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Instability
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Loose body or cartilage injury clues
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Locking
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Sprain
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Ligament injury
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Strain
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Muscle Injury
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Tendonitis/tendinosis
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Tendon injury
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Full can test
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Tests SUPRASPINATUS; Patient holds arm at 90 deg. of abduction and 30 deg ant to coronal plane with elbows extended and thumbs pointing up and resists examiner pushing downward
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Liftoff test
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Tests SUBSCAPULARIS; patient places hand behing back and lifts hand off back with examiner resisting
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Axillary nerve
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Supplies the lateral shoulder
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Musculocutaneous nerve
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innervated the lateral forearm
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Callus formation
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Soft callus forms 2-3 weeks; hard callus (union 4-6 weeks for upper; 8-12 for lower extremity)
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AC Sprains
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Most commonly fall directly onto shoulder; Pain with overhead motions deformity of superior shoulder; Grade I AC lig stretch, Grade II-AC lig tear and CC lig stretch; Grade III-Complete tears of both AC and CC ligaments; Grade IV-complete tears+clavicular displacement
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Shoulder dislocation etiology and exam
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Anterior is most common; d/t forced extension, abduction, and external rotation of the arm or direct blow to posterior shoulder; in exam resistance to abduction and internal rotation; Check for neurovascular status; Positive apprehension test: feeling of instability with stressing of the joint
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Shoulder dislocation tx
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Non-op: immobolize with sling, early mobilization and pt for recurrent non tramatic dislocations; Surgical consider for adolescent athlete and high level athletes
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Rotator Cuff injuries
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Pain with overhead motions; Pain when arm is elevated through forward flexion; Empty Can Test; Hawkins test; tender at insertion of supraspinatus tendon on greater tuberosity of humerus; Non-operative for small tears and tendonopathies; Surgical for large tear or in a younger athletic patient
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Adhesive Capsulitis
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"Frozen Shoulder"; Painful, stiff shoulder; Complication d/t many injuries including dislocation, rotator cuff tendinitis, reflex sympathetic dystrophy and fractures; Limited ROM especially in external rotation; Often resolves in 1-2 years
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Medial epicondylitis (golfer's elbow)
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Overuse of WRIST FLEXORS; especially pronator teres and flexor carpi radialis; painful medial elbow with secondary weakness; Exam-tenderness over medial epicondyle and pain with resisted wrist flexion and forearm pronation
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Lateral Epicondylitis (tennis elbow)
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Overuse from repetitive EXTENSION (extensor carpi radialis brevis); pain over lateral elbow radiating into forearm; late- weakness; pain with resisted wrist dorsiflexion and middle finger extension
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Scaphoid Fracture
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Fall on outstretched hand; Tenderness in anatomic snuffbox; often need to consider MRI, CT or bone scan
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Carpal Tunnel Syndrom
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Irritation of the median nerve in carpal tunnel; tingling and pain in median nerve distribution; frequently accompanied by numbness; Tinel's sign (percussion over the carpal tunnel); Phalen's sign-wrists are held in maximal flexion for 1 min reproducing symptoms; Sensory loss of the radial 3.5 fingers; Thenar eminence atrophy; Loss of 2-point discrimination (most sensitive)
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Wrist ganglion
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Overproduction of fluid by a joint of tendon sheath; filled with thick gelatinous material; lump usually firm and mobile; most common in wrist, followed by hand foot and ankle; pain usually caused by compression of nearby nerve or pinching of the ganglion with motion; Aspiration if painful (often reoccurs) surgery can also reoccur
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