Lower Body Part 2

Front 1

Lateral Epicondyle

Back 1

A small, tuberculated eminence, curved a little forward, and giving attachment to the radial collateral ligament of the elbow joint, and to a tendon common to the origin of the supinator and some of the extensor muscles.

Front 2

Medial Epicondyle

Back 2

Larger and more prominent than the lateral epicondyle and is directed slightly more posteriorly in the anatomical position.

Front 3

Lateral Condyle (know where a condyle is)

Back 3

One of the two projections on the lower extremity of the femur. The more prominent and is broader both in its front-to-back and transverse diameters.

Front 4

Medial Condyle

Back 4

One of the two projections on the lower extremity of femur, the other being the lateral condyle.

Front 5

Patella (kneecap)

Back 5

The patellar tendon attaches the bottom of the kneecap (patella) to the top of the shinbone (tibia).

Front 6

Tibia

Back 6

The tibia is a large bone located in the lower front portion of the leg. The tibia is also known as the shinbone, and is the second largest bone in the body.

Front 7

Tibial tuberosity

Back 7

The tuberosity of the tibia or tibial tuberosity or tibial tubercle is a large oblong elevation on the proximal, anterior aspect of the tibia, just below where the anterior surfaces of the lateral and medial tibial condyles end.

Front 8

Medial malleolus

Back 8

A malleolus is the bony prominence on each side of the human ankle.

Front 9

Fibula

Back 9

The outer and usually smaller of the two bones between the knee and the ankle in humans (or the equivalent joints in other terrestrial vertebrates), parallel with the tibia.

Front 10

Head of fibula

Back 10

The head is the moderately expanded proximal end of the fibula. It serves as the attachment site for the extensor digitorum longus, peroneus longus, soleus, and biceps femoris muscles.

Front 11

Lateral malleolus

Back 11

Also known as the ankle bone, it is easily palpable as the projection at the distal end of the fibula that forms the lateral wall of the mortise-like ankle joint.

Front 12

Tarsals

Back 12

The proximal tarsal bones are the talus and the calcaneus. They form the bony framework around the proximal ankle and heel area.

Front 13

Metatarsals

Back 13

The metatarsal bones, or metatarsus are a group of five long bones in the foot, located between the tarsal bones of the hind- and mid-foot and the phalanges of the toes.

Front 14

Talus

Back 14

The large bone in the ankle that articulates with the tibia of the leg and the calcaneum and navicular bone of the foot.

Front 15

Calcaneus

Back 15

The calcaneus, also called the heel bone, is a large bone that forms the foundation of the rear part of the foot. The calcaneus connects with the talus and cuboid bones. The connection between the talus and calcaneus forms the subtalar joint.

Front 16

Axial Skeleton

Back 16

The axial skeleton is the part of the skeleton that consists of the bones of the head and trunk of a vertebrate.

Front 17

sternum

Back 17

A long flat bone shaped like a necktie located in the center of the chest.

Front 18

manubrium

Back 18

The manubrium articulates with the body of the breastbone, the clavicles and the cartilages of the first pair of ribs.

Front 19

body

Back 19

Body, carcass, corpse, cadaver agree in referring to a physical organism, usually human or animal. Body refers to the material organism of an individual, human or animal, either living or dead.

Front 20

xiphoid process

Back 20

The cartilaginous section at the lower end of the sternum, which is not attached to any ribs and gradually ossifies during adult life.

Front 21

Ribs

Back 21

The long curved bones which form the rib cage.

Front 22

true ribs

Back 22

A rib that is attached directly to the breastbone.

Front 23

false ribs

Back 23

They do not join the sternum directly but are connected to the 7th rib by cartilage.

Front 24

floating ribs

Back 24

Any of the lower ribs that are not attached directly to the breastbone.

Front 25

cervical vertebrae (first 7 vertebrae)

Back 25

Consists of 7 bones, from top to bottom, C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6 and C7

Front 26

spinous process

Back 26

A bony projection off the posterior (back) of each vertebra. It protrudes where the laminae of the vertebral arch join and provides the point of attachment for muscles and ligaments of the spine.

Front 27

vertebral foramen

Back 27

The opening formed by a neural arch through which the spinal cord passes.

Front 28

body (centrum)

Back 28

The center especially of an anatomical part.

Front 29

articulating facets (superior and inferior)

Back 29

One pair faces upward (superior articular facet) and one downward (inferior articular facet).

Front 30

atlas (C1)

Back 30

The atlas is the topmost vertebra and with the axis forms the joint connecting the skull and spine.

Front 31

axis (C2)

Back 31

The C2 vertebra, known as the axis vertebra or the epistropheus, is the second-uppermost of the vertebrae making up the backbone and of the seven (7) cervicalvertebrae at the top of the spine.

Front 32

dens

Back 32

One of the most prominent features of the axis bone is a superior, tooth-like projection called the odontoid process (or dens). The odontoid process articulates with the anterior arch of the atlas bone, where they form a pivot joint.

Front 33

thoracic vertebra (12 vertebrae with ribs attached)

Back 33

The first nine thoracic vertebrae (T1 through T9) contain a pair of demi-facets, where a facet is split between two adjacent vertebral bodies.

Front 34

costal articulating facets

Back 34

These connection points are located on two different vertebrae that are located on top of one another. The superior costal facet is located on the inferior thoracic vertebrae. The inferior costal facet is located on the superior vertebrae.

Front 35

lumbar vertebra (last 5 vertebra)

Back 35

Thus the L5 is the largest and strongest lumbar vertebra, but is also the most susceptible to stress-related injuries.

Front 36

sacrum (was 5 vertebrae that fused together)

Back 36

The sacral region (sacrum) is at the bottom of the spine and lies between the fifth segment of the lumbar spine (L5) and the coccyx (tailbone).

Front 37

coccyx (tailbone)

Back 37

The coccyx is the very bottom portion of the spine. It represents a vestigial tail (hence the common term "tailbone") and consists of three or more very small bones fused together. The coccyx is made up of between three and five separate or fused vertebrae.