Lower Anatomy Quiz 8

Front 1

how many bones are in the foot

Back 1

26 bones and usually 2 sesamoids

Front 2

what are the names of the bones in the rearfoot

Back 2

talus and calcaneus

Front 3

what is the functional role of the talus bone

Back 3

transfers the body weight from the leg to the foot

Front 4

what are the synovial articulations relative to the talus

Back 4

tibia = superior and medial surfaces
fibula = lateral surface
calcaneus = inferior surface
navicular = distal surface

Front 5

what is the position of the talus in the foot

Back 5

superior and slightly medial in the foot

Front 6

what is the functional role of the calcaneus bone

Back 6

initial point of contact with the ground during gait

Front 7

what is the position of the calcaneus in the foot

Back 7

inferior and slightly lateral in the foot

Front 8

what are the synovial articulation relative to the calcaneus

Back 8

talus = superior surface
cuboid = distal surface
navicular = distomedial corner (rare, may be present)

Front 9

what are the bones of the midfoot

Back 9

navicular, cuboid, medial cuneiform, intermediate cuneiform, lateral cuneiform

Front 10

what is the scaphoid

Back 10

the old term for the navicular

Front 11

what is the position of the navicular in the foot

Back 11

medially placed and superior relative to the cuboid

Front 12

what are the synovial articulations relative to the navicular

Back 12

talus = proximal surface
medial cuneiform = distal surface medially
intermediate cuneiform = distal surface centrally
lateral cuneiform = distal surface laterally
cuboid = lateral surface, 50% synovial joint, 50% fibrous joint

Front 13

what is the location of the cuboid in the foot

Back 13

laterally placed and inferior relative to the navicular

Front 14

what are the synovial articulations relative to the cuboid

Back 14

calcaneus = proximal surface
lateral Cun = medial surface distally
4th meta = distal surface medially
5th meta = distal surface laterally
navicular = medial surface proximally, 50% synovial joint

Front 15

what is the largest of the cuneiforms

Back 15

medial/first cuneiform

Front 16

what are the synovial articulations relative to the medial cuneiform

Back 16

navicular = proximal surface
1st meta = distal surface
inter cune = lateral surface
2nd meta = lateral surface distally

Front 17

what is the smallest of the cuneiforms

Back 17

intermediate/2nd cuneiform

Front 18

what are the synovial articulations relative to the intermediate cuneiform

Back 18

navicular = proximal surface
medial cune = medial surface
2nd meta = distal surface
lateral cune = lateral surface

Front 19

what are the synovial articulations relative to the lateral cuneiform

Back 19

navicular = proximal surface
inter cune = medial surface
2nd meta = medial surface distally
3rd meta = distal surface
4th meta = distolateral corner
cuboid = lateral surface

Front 20

how many bones are in the forefoot

Back 20

19 bones

Front 21

where are the sesamoids in the forefoot

Back 21

plantar at the 1st metatarsal head

Front 22

what makes up the metatarsus

Back 22

5 long bones the metatarsal bones

Front 23

how do the lesser metatarsal bones twist

Back 23

externally from proximal to distal

Front 24

what is the base of the metatarsal bones

Back 24

proximal extremity
generally squared posterior end

Front 25

what is the shaft of the metatarsal bones

Back 25

central tubular part

Front 26

what is the head of the metatarsal bones

Back 26

distal extremity
rounded anterior end

Front 27

what is the anatomic neck of the metatarsal bones

Back 27

at the metaphyseal/diaphyseal jnct the physically constricted area

Front 28

what is the surgical neck of the metatarsal bones

Back 28

in the metaphysis distal to the anatomic neck

Front 29

what is the actual length of the metatarsal bones longest to shorest

Back 29

2>3>5>4>1

Front 30

what is the relative length of the metatarsal bones longest to shortest

Back 30

2>3>1>4>5 0r 2>3=1>4>5

Front 31

what is the difference between the actual and relative lengths of the metatarsal bones

Back 31

actual length is length unarticulated
relative length is length when articulated in foot

Front 32

what is the thickest and heaviest of the metatarsal bones

Back 32

1st metatarsal

Front 33

what are the synovial articulations relative to the first metatarsal

Back 33

medial cune = proximal surface of the 1st metatarsal base
prox phalx of hallux = distal surface of the 1st metatarsal head
sesamoids = plantar surface of the 1st metatarsal head
2nd meta = lateral surface of the lst metatarsal base (rarely present)

Front 34

which metatarsal is the most stable

Back 34

2nd because its base is wedged intermediate to the medial and lateral cuneiforms

Front 35

what are the synovial articulations relative to the 2nd metatarsal

Back 35

intermediate cune = proximal surface of the 2nd meta base
medial cune = medial surface of the 2nd meta base
2nd prox phalnx = distal surface of the 2nd meta head
lateral cune = proximal part of the lateral surface of the base
3rd meta = lateral surface of the 2nd meta base
1st meta = distal part of the medial surface of the 2nd meta base (rarely present)

Front 36

what are the synovial articulations relative to the 3rd metatarsal

Back 36

lateral cune = proximal surface of the 3rd meta base
2nd meta = medial surface of the 3rd meta base
proximal phalanx of 3rd digit = distal surface of the head
4th meta = lateral surface of the 3rd meta base

Front 37

what are the synovial articulations relative to the 4th metatarsal

Back 37

cuboid = proximal surface of the 4th meta base
lateral cune = proximal part of the medial surface of the base
3rd meta = distal part of the medial surface of the base
4th proximal phalanx = distal surface of the 4th metatarsal head
5th meta = lateral surface of the 5th meta base

Front 38

what are the synovial articulations relative to the 5th metatarsal

Back 38

cuboid = proximal surface of the 5th metatarsal base
4th meta = medial surface of the 5th meta base
proximal phalanxy of the 5th digit = distal surface of the head

Front 39

what are the synovial articulations relative to the sesamoids

Back 39

1st metatarsal superior
-tibial sesamoid with 1st metatarsal medial condyle
-fibular sesamoid with 1st metatarsal lateral condyle

Front 40

the shortest metatarsal actual length

Back 40

1st metatarsal

Front 41

longest of metatarsal relative and actual lengths

Back 41

2nd metatarsal

Front 42

shorter than 2nd but longer than 5th actual length

Back 42

3rd metatarsal

Front 43

shorter than 5th but longer than the 1st metatarsal actual length

Back 43

4th metatarsal

Front 44

shorter than the 3rd but longer than the 4th actual length

Back 44

5th metatarsal

Front 45

what are pedal digits

Back 45

toes

Front 46

what are pedal phalanges

Back 46

bones in the toes

Front 47

how many bones are in the phalanges

Back 47

14

Front 48

what is the base of the phalanges

Back 48

proximal extremity
widened concave posterior end

Front 49

what is the shaft of the phalanges

Back 49

central tubular part

Front 50

what is the head of the phalanges

Back 50

distal extremity
rounded bicondylar or flattened and roughened anterior end

Front 51

what is the shaped of the proximal phalanx of the hallux

Back 51

rounded bicondylar head and a widened concave base

Front 52

what are the synovial articulations relative to the proximal phalanx of the hallux

Back 52

lst mettarsal = proximal surface of the base
distal phalanx of the hallux = distal surface of the head

Front 53

what is the shape of the distal phalanx of the hallux

Back 53

a rough flattened head and a bicondylar concave base

Front 54

what are the synovial articulations relative to the distal phalanx of the hallux

Back 54

proximal phalanx of the hallux = proximal surface of the base

Front 55

what is the shape of the proximal phalanges 2 - 5

Back 55

rounded bicondylar heads with widened concave bases

Front 56

what are the synovial articulations relative to proximal phalanges of 2 - 5

Back 56

2-5 metatarsals = proximal surface of the respective proximal phalangeal base
2-5 middle phalanges = distal surface of the respective proximal phalangeal head

Front 57

what is the shape of the middle phalanges 2-5

Back 57

rounded bidcondylar heads and bicondylar bases

Front 58

what are the synovial articulations relative to the middle phalanges 2-5

Back 58

proximal phalanges 2-5 = proximal surface of the respective middle phalangeal base
distal phalanges 2-5 = distal surface of the respective middle phalangeal head

Front 59

what is the shape of the distal phalanges 2-5

Back 59

rough flattened heads and bicondylar concave bases

Front 60

what are the synovial articulations relative to the distal phalanges 2-5

Back 60

2-5 middle phalanges = proximal surface of the respective phalangeal base

Front 61

what is different about the middle and distal phalanges of the 5th digit

Back 61

they are fused in about 40% of the population

Front 62

if the distal and middle phalanges of the 5th digit are fused what are they called

Back 62

distal phalanx of the fifth digit

Front 63

what is the first ray

Back 63

functional unit formed by the meidal cuneiform and the first metatarsal bones

Front 64

what is the range of motion for the first ray

Back 64

the largest range of motion in an arc around the second ray in the frontal plane

Front 65

what is the second ray

Back 65

formed by the intermediate cuneiform and the second metatarsal bones

Front 66

what is the range of motion for the second ray

Back 66

smallest range because the metatarsal base is wedged between the medial and lateral cuneiforms. the small amound of motion is directly dorsal and plantar

Front 67

what is the third ray

Back 67

formed by the lateral cuneiform and the third metatarsal bones

Front 68

what is the range of motion for the third ray

Back 68

an arc around the second ray opposite in direction to that of the first ray greater motion than the second ray but less than the fourth

Front 69

what is the fourth ray

Back 69

formed by the fourth metatarsal bone

Front 70

what is the range of motion for the fourth ray

Back 70

an arc with a larger excursion than and the same direction as the third ray

Front 71

what is the fifth ray

Back 71

the fifth metatarsal bone

Front 72

what is the range of motion for the fifth ray

Back 72

an arc with a larger excursion and the same direction as the fourth ray

Front 73

what bones are included in the medial column

Back 73

calcaneus, talus, navicular, and 1-3 rays (cuneiforms and metatarsals)

Front 74

what is the function of the medial column

Back 74

adapts to the terrain or ground differences

Front 75

what is the mobile adaptor

Back 75

another name for the medial column

Front 76

what bones are included in the lateral column

Back 76

calcaneus, cuboid, 4-5 rays (metatarsals)

Front 77

what is the function of the lateral column

Back 77

allows for efficient gait or propulsion

Front 78

what is the function of the arches of the foot

Back 78

allow foot to absorb shock

Front 79

what forms the medial longitudinal arch

Back 79

medial column of the foot from the heel to the first through third metatarsal heads plantarly

Front 80

what forms the lateral longitudinal arch

Back 80

lateral column of the foot from the heel to the 4-5 metatarsal heads plantarly

Front 81

what forms the transerve arch

Back 81

the plantar aspect of the cuneiforms and the cuboids, 1/2 of this arch in each foot

Front 82

where else could you possibly find transerve arches

Back 82

at the metatarsal head one in each foot
at the metatarsal bases one in each foot