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429 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Describe the skin on the dorsum of the foot
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Thin hairy skin composed of an epidermis and a dermis
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Describe the superficial fascia on the dorsum of the foot
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Very thin fatty layer.
Absent at subcutaneous surfaces. Contains superficial veins and cutaneous nerves |
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What binds down the tendons of tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus, and peroneus tertius
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Superior Extensor Retinaculum
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What is another name for the Superior Extensor Retinaculum?
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Transverse Crural Ligament
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What is another name for the Transverse Crural Ligament?
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Superior Extensor Retinaculum
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Where does the Superior Extensor Retinaculum attach?
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Attaches laterally to the distal aspect of the shaft of the fibula and medially to the distal aspect of the shaft of the tibia
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What is another name for the Inferior Extensor Retinaculum?
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cruciate crural ligament
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What is another name for the cruciate crural ligament?
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inferior extensor retinaculum
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Where does the stem of the Y-shaped band of the Inferior Extensor Retinaculum attach to?
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laterally to the sinus tarsi of the calcaneus
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Where are the superior and inferior limbs of the Inferior Extensor Retinaculum formed?
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At the medial border of EDL
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What does the superior limb of the Inferior Extensor Retinaculum enclose?
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tendons of extensor hallucis longus and tibialis anterior
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Where does the superior limb of the Inferior Extensor Retinaculum attach to?
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medial malleolus
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What does the inferior limb of the Inferior Extensor Retinaculum enclose?
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tendons of extensor hallucis longus and tibialis anterior
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Where does the inferior limb of the Inferior Extensor Retinaculum attach to?
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plantar aponeurosis
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Where does the Flexor Retinaculum attach?
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medial malleolus and the medial surface of the calcaneus
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What are enclosed within the flexor retinaculum?
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Tendon of tibialis posterior
Tendon of flexor digitorum longus Posterior tibial artery with a vein on either side Tibial nerve Tendon of flexor hallucis longus |
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What is the common site for taking the posterior tibial pulse and for performing a tibial nerve block
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Posterior to the medial malleolus
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Beneath the flexor retinaculum there are individual tunnels for each of the following:
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Tendon of tibialis posterior
Tendon of flexor digitorum longus Tendon of flexor hallucis longus Medial plantar vessels and nerve Lateral plantar vessels and nerve |
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What is Tarsal tunnel syndrome?
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Entrapment of the tibial nerve (or its medial plantar or lateral plantar branch) in the tunnels beneath the flexor retinaculum
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What does the Peroneal Retinaculum bind?
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tendons of peroneus longus and peroneus brevis
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Where does the Superior Peroneal Retinaculum attach?
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lateral malleolus and the lateral surface of the calcaneus
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Where does the Inferior Peroneal Retinaculum attach?
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lateral surface of the calcaneus including the peroneal tubercle
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What is the Inferior Peroneal Retinaculum continuous with?
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inferior extensor retinaculum
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What is the origin of Extensor Digitorum Brevis?
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Sinus tarsi of the calcaneus
Interosseous talocalcaneal ligament Inferior extensor retinaculum |
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What is the course of Extensor Digitorum Brevis?
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Obliquely from lateral to medial deep to the tendons of EDL and divides into four tendons
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What is the insertion of the medial 1st tendon of EDB or EHB?
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inserts into the dorsum of the base of the proximal phalanx of the hallux
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What is the inserion for the other three tendons (second, third, and fourth) of EDB?
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insert into the lateral side of the EDL tendons to the second, third, and fourth toes
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What is the action of the 1st tendon of EDB or EHB?
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Dorsiflex the proximal phalanx of the hallux
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What is the action of the 2nd-4th tendons of EDB?
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Second, third , and fourth Dorsiflex the phalanges of the second, third, and fourth
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What is the only muscle on the dorsum of the foot?
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Extensor Digitorum Brevis
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Where do tendons of tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus, and peroneus tertius course?
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below the superior and inferior extensor retinaculae enclosed in synovial sheaths
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What tendons have their own synovial sheaths?
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tendons of tibialis anterior and
extensor hallucis longus |
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What tendons are enclosed within a common synovial sheath?
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tendons of extensor digitorum longus and peroneus tertius
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Where does the tendon of tibialis anterior insert?
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medial and plantar surfaces of the first cuneiform and base of the first metatarsal (first ray)
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What tendon forms the extensor hood at the first MTP?
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Extensor Hallucis Longus
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Where does the tendon of extensor hallucis longus insert?
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dorsum of the base of the distal phalanx of the hallux
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What tendon inserts onto the dorsum of the base of the distal phalanx of the hallux?
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Extensor Hallucis Longus
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What tendon inserts onto the medial and plantar surfaces of the first cuneiform and base of the first metatarsal (first ray)?
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Tibialis Anterior
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What tendons form an extensor hood at the MTP and at the head of a proximal phalanx?
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Extensor Digitorum Brevis
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Where does the central slip of the tendon of Extensor Digitorum Brevis insert?
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dorsum of the base of a middle phalanx
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Where do the 2 collateral slips of Extensor Digitorum Brevis insert?
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into the dorsum of the base of a distal phalanx
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What tendon inserts into the dorsum of the base of the fifth metatarsal?
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Peronius Tertius
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Where does the tendon of Peroneus Tertius insert?
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dorsum of the base of the fifth metatarsal
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To where does the extensor hood expand to?
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hood extends from the head of a metatarsal to the distal aspect of a proximal phalanx
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What is the proximal component of the extensor hood?
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sling component
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Where is the sling part of the extensor hood located?
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proximal part of the extensor hood
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What does the sling component of the extensor sheath encircle?
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It has fibers that encircle the capsule of the MTP and blend with the plantar plate, the deep transverse metatarsal ligaments and the flexor sheaths
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What is the distal component of the extensor hood?
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wing component
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Where is the wing part of the extensor hood located?
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distal part of the extensor hood
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What part of the extensor hood has fibers arranged obliquely on the sides of the digit?
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wing component
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Describe the fibers of the wing component of the extensor hood.
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fibers arranged obliquely on the sides of the digi
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What tendons contribute to the extensor hood on the lesser digits?
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tendons of dorsal interossei
plantar interossei lumbricals second, third, and fourth tendons of EDB |
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What tendons contribute to the extensor hood on the hallux?
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tendons of abductor hallucis
flexor hallucis brevis adductor hallucis |
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What is the role of the extensor hood?
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maintain the central position of the EDL tendons and the tendon of EHL
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What aids in dorsiflexion of the proximal phalanx through the windlass effect?
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extensor hood
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Describe the skin on the plantar surface of the foot.
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thick hairless skin
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Describe the subcutaneous fascia on the plantar surface of the foot.
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Very thick and forms distinct pads at calcaneal tuberosity, metatarsal heads and distal phalanges
Fibers pass from the dermis through the superficial fascia to the deep fascia to limit the mobility of the skin, maintain the position of the fat pads, and prevent compression of vessels and nerves |
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What is the role of the fibers on the plantar surface of the foot?
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Fibers pass from the dermis through the superficial fascia to the deep fascia to limit the mobility of the skin, maintain the position of the fat pads, and prevent compression of vessels and nerves
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Describe the deep fascia on the plantar surface of the foot.
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Continuous with other regions.
Completely surrounds the muscles. Also called the plantar aponeurosis which is divided into a central, medial and lateral portion. Forms intermuscular septa. Forms flexor sheaths in the digits |
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What forms flexor sheaths in the digits on the plantar surface of the foot?
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deep fascia
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What forms intermuscular septa on the plantar surface of the foot?
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deep fascia
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What completely surrounds the muscle son the plantar surface of the foot?
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deep fascia
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In what region of the foot does the central portion of the plantar aponeurosis divide?
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metatarsal shaft region
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What do the superficial slips of the central portion of the plantar aponeurosis merge with?
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superficial transverse metatarsal ligament
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Where do the deep slips of the central portion of the plantar aponeurosis go?
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divide into two slips which course on either side of the tendon of FHL, and the tendons of FDL and FDB
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What do the deep slips of the plantar aponeurosis blend with?
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The deep slips blend with the plantar plate and deep transverse metatarsal ligaments and then distally form the flexor sheaths
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Describe the medial portion of the the deep fascia on the plantar surface of the foot.
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Continuous with the other deep fascia of the foot and covers the abductor hallucis
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What portion of the deep fascia covers the abductor hallucis
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medial portion
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Describe the lateral portion of the deep fascia on the plantar surface of the foot.
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Continuous with the other deep fascia of the foot, covers the abductor digiti minimi and attaches to the lateral process of the calcaneal tuberosity
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What portion of the deep fascia covers the abductor digiti minimi?
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lateral portion
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Where does the lateral portion of the plantar aponeurosis attach?
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lateral process of the calcaneal tuberosity
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What divides the foot into medial, lateral and central compartments?
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A medial and lateral intermuscular septum from the deep surface of the plantar aponeurosis
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What separates the central compartment from the interosseous compartment?
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An interosseous septa
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What tendons do the flexor sheaths enclose?
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tendons of FHL, FDL, and FDB in the digits
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What are continuous with the deep slips of the central portion of the plantar aponeurosis
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flexor sheaths
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Where do the flexor sheaths attach to?
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attach to the plantar plates (MPJ’s and IPJ’s) and to the plantar aspect of the phalanges
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What is the role of vincula tendinum?
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carry blood vessels to the tendons within the flexor sheaths
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Where are vincula brevia located?
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near the insertions of the tendons within the flexor sheath
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Where are vincula longa located?
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along the course of the tendons within the flexor sheath
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What are the 1st layer of plantar muscles?
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Abductor hallucis
Flexor digitorum brevis Abductor digiti minimi |
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What are the insertions for abductor hallucis?
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Medial process of calcaneal tuberosity
Flexor retinaculum Deep surface of plantar aponeurosis Tuberosity of the navicular |
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What is the course of abductor hallucis?
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Distally along the medial side of the foot
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What do the fibers of abductor hallucis blend with?
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Fibers blend with the medial tendon of FHB
medial sesamoid plantar plate extensor hood |
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What is the insertion of abductor hallucis?
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medioplantar aspect of the base of the proximal phalanx of the hallux
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What is the action of abductor hallucis?
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Abducts and aids in plantarflexion of the hallux
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What are the origins of Flexor Digitorum Brevis?
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Medial process of calcaneal tuberosity
Deep surface of plantar aponeurosis |
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What is the course of Flexor Digitorum Brevis?
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Distally and divides into four tendons, one to each lesser digit
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What is the insertion of Flexor Digitorum Brevis?
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The two parts unite at the head of a proximal phalanx and insert into the plantar surface of the shaft of a middle phalanx
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Where does Flexor Hallucis Brevis divide into 2 parts?
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base of a proximal phalanx to allow passage of a tendon of FDL
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What is the action of Flexor Hallucis Brevis?
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Plantarflexes the proximal and middle phalanges of the lesser digits
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What are the origins of Abductor Digiti Minimi?
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Lateral margin of the medial process of calcaneal tuberosity
Lateral process of the calcaneal tuberosity Deep surface of plantar aponeurosis Tuberosity of the base of the fifth metatarsal |
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What is the course for Abductor Digiti Minimi?
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Distally along the lateral side of the foot
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What is the insertion of Abductor Digiti Minimi?
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Lateral side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the fifth toe
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What is the action of Abductor Digiti Minimi?
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Abducts the fifth toe
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What muscle abducts the fifth toe?
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Abductor Digiti Minimi
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What is the second layer of plantar muscles?
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Quadratus plantae (flexor accessorius)
Lumbricales (4) |
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The tendon of flexor hallucis longus courses in what layer of the plantar muscles?
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2nd layer
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Quadratus Plantae and the Lumbricals are associated with the tendons of what muscles?
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flexor digitorum longus muscle
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The tendon of FHL is connected to the tendon of FDL by what?
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knot of Henry
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What is the origin of the Medial head of Quadratus Plantae?
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Medial surface of the calcaneus
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What is the origin of the Lateral head of Quadratus Plantae?
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Inferior surface of the calcaneus just distal to the lateral process of the calcaneal tuberosity, and long plantar ligament
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The 2 heads of Quadratus Plantae are separated by what?
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the long plantar ligament
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What is the course of Quadratus Plantae?
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The two heads join
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What is the insertion of Quadratus Plantae?
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Tendon of FDL
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What is the action of Quadratus Plantae?
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Assists FDL in plantarflexion of the lesser digits
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In what interspace can the 1st Lumbrical be found in?
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1st interspace
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In what interspace can the 2nd Lumbrical be found in?
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2nd interspace
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In what interspace can the 3rd Lumbrical be found in?
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3rd interspace
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In what interspace can the 4th Lumbrical be found in?
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4th interspace
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What is the origin of the 1st Lumbrical?
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Medial side of the first tendon of FDL
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What is the origin of the 2nd Lumbrical?
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Adjacent sides of the first and second tendons of FDL
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What is the origin of the 3rd Lumbrical?
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Adjacent sides of the second and third tendons of FDL
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What is the origin of the 4th Lumbrical?
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Adjacent sides of the third and fourth tendons of FDL
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What is the course of the Lumbricals?
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Distally along the medial side of the FDL tendons and inferior to the deep transverse metatarsal ligament
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What is the insertion of the 1st Lumbrical?
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Extensor wing and extensor trifurcation of the first tendon of EDL (of the second toe)
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What is the insertion of the 2nd Lumbrical?
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Extensor wing and extensor trifurcation of the second tendon of EDL (of the third toe)
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What is the insertion of the 3rd Lumbrical?
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Extensor wing and extensor trifurcation of the third tendon of EDL (of the fourth toe)
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What is the insertion of the 4th Lumbrical?
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Extensor wing and extensor trifurcation of the fourth tendon of EDL (of the fifth toe)
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What is the action of the Lumbricals?
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Plantarflex the proximal phalanges and extend the middle and distal phalanges of the lesser digits
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What happens when the Lumbricals contract?
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they tighten the wing and slacken the sling components of the extensor hood
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What are the 3rd layer of plantar muscle?
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Flexor hallucis brevis
Adductor hallucis Flexor digiti minimi brevis |
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The tendons of peroneus longus and tibialis posterior course in what layer of the Plantar Muscles?
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3rd layer
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What is the origin of Flexor Hallucis Brevis?
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From a Y-shaped tendon
-Lateral arm from plantar surface of the cuboid and third cuneiform -Medial arm from the plantar component of the tendon of tibialis posterior |
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What is the course of Flexor Hallucis Brevis?
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Towards the first metatarsal head and divides into two tendons
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Describe the Medial tendon of Flexor Hallucis Brevis?
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contains the medial sesamoid, blends with the plantar plate and tendon of abductor hallucis, and contributes to the extensor hood
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Describe the Lateral tendon of Flexor Hallucis Brevis?
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Lateral tendon contains the lateral sesamoid, blends with the plantar plate and tendon of adductor hallucis, and contributes to the extensor hood
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What is the insertion of Flexor Hallucis Brevis?
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The medial and lateral tendons unite and insert into the plantar surface of the base of the proximal phalanx of the hallux
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What is the action of Flexor Hallucis Brevis?
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Plantarflexes the proximal phalanx of the hallux
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What is the origin of the Oblique head of Adductor Hallucis?
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Plantar surface of the bases of the second, third, and fourth metatarsals and the tendon sheath of peroneus longus
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What is the origin of the Transverse head of Adductor Hallucis?
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Plantar plates of the third, fourth, and fifth MTP’s, and the deep transverse metatarsal ligaments between them
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What is the transverse head of Adductor Hallucis sometimes referred to as?
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transverse pedis
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What is the course of Adductor Hallucis?
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The two heads unite to form a conjoined tendon which courses through the split in the deep transverse metatarsal ligament
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What forms the only true conjoined tendon in the foot?
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Adductor Hallucis
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What do the fibers of Adductor Hallucis blend with?
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the lateral tendon of FHB
the lateral sesamoid the plantar plate and contribute to the extensor hood |
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What is the insertion of Adductor Hallucis?
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the lateroplantar aspect of the base of the base of the proximal phalanx of the hallux
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What is the action of the Oblique head of Adductor Hallucis?
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Adducts and aids in plantarflexion of the hallux
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What is the action of the Transverse head of Adductor Hallucis?
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Adducts the hallux and assists in pulling the metatarsal heads together
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What are the insertions of Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis?
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Inferior surface of the base of the fifth metatarsal
Tendon sheath of peroneus longus |
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What is the course of Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis?
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Distally and slightly laterally
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What is the insertion of Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis?
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Lateroplantar aspect of the base of the proximal phalanx of the fifth toe
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What is the action of Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis?
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Plantarflexes the proximal phalanx of the fifth toe
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What are the 4th layer of Plantar muscles?
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Plantar interossei
Dorsal interossei |
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What is the origin of the 1st Plantar Interosseous?
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Inferior surface of the base and medial surface of the shaft of the third metatarsal
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What is the origin of the 2nd Plantar Interosseous?
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Inferior surface of the base and medial surface of the shaft of the fourth metatarsal
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What is the origin of the 3rd Plantar Interosseous?
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Inferior surface of the base and medial surface of the shaft of the fifth metatarsal
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What interspace is the 1st Plantar Interosseous in?
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2nd interspace
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What interspace is the 2nd Plantar Interosseous in?
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3rd interspace
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What interspace is the 3rd Plantar Interosseous in?
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4th interspace
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What is the course of the Plantar Interossei?
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Tendons course distally superior to the deep transverse metatarsal ligament
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What is the insertion of the 1st Plantar Interosseous?
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Medial side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the third toe and into the extensor hood (sling and wing) of the third toe
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What is the insertion of the 2nd Plantar Interosseous?
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Medial side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the fourth toe and into the extensor hood (sling and wing) of the fourth toe
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What is the insertion of the 3rd Plantar Interosseous?
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Medial side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the fifth toe and into the extensor hood (sling and wing) of the fifth toe
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What is the action of the Plantar Interossei?
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Adduct the third, fourth, and fifth toes
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What is the origin of the 1st Dorsal Interosseous?
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Adjacent sides of the shafts of the first and second metatarsals
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What is the origin of the 2nd Dorsal Interosseous?
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Adjacent sides of the shafts of the second and third metatarsals
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What is the origin of the 3rd Dorsal Interosseous?
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Adjacent sides of the shafts of the third and fourth metatarsals
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What is the origin of the 4th Dorsal Interosseous?
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Adjacent sides of the shafts of the fourth and fifth metatarsals
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What is the course of the Dorsal Interossei?
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Tendons course distally superior to the deep transverse metatarsal ligament
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What Dorsal Interosseous would you find in the 1st interspace?
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1st DI
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In what interspace would you find the 1st Dorsal Interosseous?
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1st interpsace
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What Dorsal Interosseous would you find in the 2nd interspace?
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2nd DI
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In what interspace would you find the 2nd Dorsal Interosseous?
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2nd interspace
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What Dorsal Interosseous would you find in the 3rd interspace?
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3rd DI
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In what interspace would you find the 3rd Dorsal Interosseous?
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3rd interspace
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What Dorsal Interosseous would you find in the 4th interspace?
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4th DI
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In what interspace would you find the 4th Dorsal Interosseous?
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4th interspace
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What is the insertion of the 1st Dorsal Interosseous?
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Medial side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the second toe and into the extensor hood (sling and wing) of the second toe
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What is the insertion of the 2nd Dorsal Interosseous?
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Lateral side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the second toe and into the extensor hood (sling and wing) of the second toe
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What is the insertion of the 3rd Dorsal Interosseous?
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Lateral side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the third toe and into the extensor hood (sling and wing) of the third toe
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What is the insertion of the 4th Dorsal Interosseous?
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Lateral side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the fourth toe and into the extensor hood (sling and wing) of the fourth toe
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What is the action of the Dorsal Interossei?
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Abduct the second, third, and fourth toes
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What tendons of extrinsic muscles are found on the medial and plantar surfaces of the foot?
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Tibialis posterior
Flexor digitorum longus Flexor hallucis longus |
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Describe the tendon of Tibialis Posterior.
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Enclosed within a synovial sheath beneath the flexor retinaculum
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Describe the tendon of Flexor Digitorum Longus.
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Enclosed within a synovial sheath beneath the flexor retinaculum and each tendon is enclosed in a synovial sheath within the flexor sheaths of the lesser digits
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Describe the tendon of Flexor hallucis longus.
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Enclosed within a synovial sheath beneath the flexor retinaculum and enclosed in a synovial sheath within the flexor sheath of the hallux
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What tendons of extrinsic muscles are found on the Posterior Surface of the foot?
|
Gastrocnemius
Soleus Plantaris |
|
|
Describe the tendons of Gastrocnemius and Soleus.
|
They unite to form the tendo calcaneus which does not course beneath a retinaculum and is not enclosed in a synovial sheath. There is a bursa between the tendo calcaneus and the calcaneus (retrocalcaneal or subtendinous), and a bursa between the tendo calcaneus and the skin (subcutaneous or adventitial).
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Describe the Plantaris tendon.
|
Does not course beneath a retinaculum and is not enclosed in a synovial sheath
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|
What tendons are found on the Lateral Surface of the foot.
|
Peroneus Longus
Peroneus Brevis |
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|
Describe the tendons of Peroneus Longus and Peroneus Brevis.
|
Both tendons are enclosed in a common synovial sheath as they course beneath the superior and inferior peroneal retinaculae. The tendon of peroneus longus is also enclosed in a synovial sheath in the peroneal sulcus
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What is the insertion of the main component of Tibialis Posterior?
|
Tuberosity of the navicular and plantar surface of the first cuneiform
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What is the insertion of the plantar component of Tibialis Posterior?
|
Second and third cuneiforms; cuboid; and the second, third, and fourth metatarsal bases
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What is the insertion of the recurrent component of Tibialis Posterior?
|
Sustentaculum tali
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What is the insertion of Flexor Digitorum Longus?
|
inserts on the plantar surface of the base of a distal phalanx
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What is the insertion of Flexor Hallucis Longus?
|
Plantar surface of the base of the distal phalanx of the hallux
|
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What is the insertion of Gastrocnemius and Soleus?
|
Form the tendo calcaneus which inserts into the middle one-third of the posterior surface of the calcaneus
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What is the insertion of Plantaris?
|
Medial side of the middle one-third of the posterior surface of the calcaneus
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What is the insertion of Peroneus Brevis?
|
Tuberosity of the base of the fifth metatarsal
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What is the insertion of Peroneus Longus?
|
Lateral and plantar surfaces of the first cuneiform and the base of the first metatarsal (first ray).
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What is the key function of Quadratus Plantae during the stance phase of gait?
|
Convert the oblique pull of flexor digitorum longus to a more posterior pull
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What is the key function of the Lumbricals, Dorsal Interossei, and Plantar Interossei during the stance phase of gait?
|
These muscles convert the lesser toes into rigid beams (rigid beam effect) during propulsion
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What muscles convert the lesser toes into rigid beams (rigid beam effect) during propulsion?
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Lumbricals
Dorsal Interossei Plantar Interossei |
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|
What forms the sesamoid apparatus?
|
Abductor Hallucis
Flexor Hallucis Brevis Adductor Hallucis Plantar Plate Sesamoids |
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|
What is the role of the sesamoid apparatus?
|
stabilizes the first metatarsal head against the ground during propulsion
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What is the role of Flexor Hallucis Brevis?
|
stabilzes in a posterior and plantar direction
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What is the role of Abductor Hallucis Brevis?
|
stabilizes in the direction of abduction
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What is the role of Adductor Hallucis Brevis?
|
stabilizes in the direction of adduction
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|
What compartment contains the abductor hallucis, tendon of FHL, and flexor hallucis brevis?
|
medial compartment
|
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|
What does the medial compartment contain?
|
abductor hallucis
tendon of FHL flexor hallucis brevis |
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|
What compartment contains the abductor digiti minimi, and flexor digiti minimi brevis?
|
lateral compartment
|
|
|
What does the lateral compartment contain?
|
abductor digiti minimi
flexor digiti minimi brevis |
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|
What compartment contains the flexor digitorum brevis, tendons of FDL, quadratus plantae, lumbricals, and adductor hallucis?
|
central compartment
|
|
|
What does the central compartment contain?
|
flexor digitorum brevis
FDL quadratus plantae lumbricals adductor hallucis? |
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|
What compartment contains the dorsal and plantar interossei?
|
interosseous compartment
|
|
|
What does the interosseous compartment contain?
|
dorsal interossei
plantar interossei |
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|
Identify the muscle variation: Slip from the tendon of extensor hallucis longus that inserts into the capsule of the first MTP
|
Extensor hallucis capsularis
|
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|
Identify the muscle variation: Slip from the tendon of peroneus brevis that inserts into the fifth toe
|
Peroneus digiti minimi
|
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|
Identify the muscle variation: Originates along with the abductor digiti minimi from the lateral process of the calcaneal tuberosity and inserts on the tuberosity of the base of the fifth metatarsal
|
Abductor ossis metatarsi digiti minimi or Wood’s Muscle
|
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|
Do the superficial veins of the foot have corresponding arteries?
|
They do not have corresponding arteries
|
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|
How are the superficial veins of the the foot connected to deep veins?
|
By perforating veins
|
|
|
What drains the sides of the toe?
|
Dorsal digital veins
|
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|
What do dorsal digital veins drain?
|
the sides of the toe
|
|
|
What do median digital vein drain?
|
center of the toe and the nail matrix
|
|
|
What drains the center of the toe and the nail matrix?
|
median digital vein
|
|
|
What forms a common digital vein?
|
Dorsal digital veins from adjacent sides of toes unite with an intercapitular vein from the plantar cutaneous venous arch
|
|
|
What flows into the dorsal venous arch?
|
Common digital veins
dorsal digital vein from the dorsomedial aspect of the hallux dorsal digital vein from the dorsolateral aspect of the digiti minimi |
|
|
What does the dorsal venous arch flow into?
|
Medially into the medial marginal vein
Laterally into the lateral marginal vein |
|
|
Where does the dorsal venous arch lie?
|
in the superficial fascia at the distal aspect of the metatarsal shafts
|
|
|
Are superficial nerves located deep or superficial to the dorsal venous arch?
|
superficial
|
|
|
What nerve courses with the medial marginal vein?
|
saphenous nerve
|
|
|
What is the location of the medial marginal vein in relation to the medial malleolus?
|
runs anterior to medial malleolus
|
|
|
What forms the medial marginal vein?
|
The dorsal digital vein on the dorsomedial aspect of the hallux and the dorsal venous arch
|
|
|
What forms the lateral marginal vein?
|
The dorsal digital vein on the dorsolateral aspect of the fifth toe and the dorsal venous arch
|
|
|
What nerve courses with the lateral marginal vein?
|
lateral dorsal cutaneous nerve
|
|
|
Where is the position of the lateral marginal vein in relation to the lateral malleolus?
|
posterior to lateral malleolus
|
|
|
Where does the plantar cutaneous venous arch lie?
|
in the superficial fascia in the region of the MTP’s
|
|
|
The plantar cutaneous venous arch gives off how many intercapitular veins to the dorsum of the foot?
|
4
|
|
|
The plantar cutaneous venous arch receives superficial branches from where?
|
the toes
|
|
|
What is the plantar cutaneous venous arch continuous with?
|
continuous over the sides of the foot with the medial and lateral marginal veins
|
|
|
The dorsum of the foot is vascularized by what artery?
|
dorsalis pedis artery
|
|
|
The arteries are smaller on what side of the foot: dorsum or plantar?
|
dorsum
|
|
|
Where does the dorsalis pedis artery begin?
|
at the articular capsule of the ankle joint as a continuation of the anterior tibial artery
|
|
|
What is the course of the dorsalis pedis artery?
|
over the neck of the talus, navicular, and second cuneiform
|
|
|
Where does the dorsalis pedis artery terminate?
|
At the proximal aspect of the first interspace by dividing into the first dorsal metatarsal artery and the deep plantar artery
|
|
|
What artery terminates at the proximal aspect of the first interspace by dividing into the first dorsal metatarsal artery and the deep plantar artery?
|
dorsalis pedis artery
|
|
|
What artery begins at the articular capsule of the ankle joint as a continuation of the anterior tibial artery?
|
dorsalis pedis artery
|
|
|
What tendon is located on the medial side of the dorsalis pedis artery?
|
Extensor Hallucis Longus
|
|
|
Flexor Hallucis Longus runs on what side of the dorsalis pedis artery?
|
medial side
|
|
|
What tendon crosses the dorsalis pedis artery near its termination?
|
first tendon of extensor digitorum brevis
|
|
|
What are the major branches of the dorsalis pedis artery?
|
Artery of the sinus tarsi
Lateral tarsal artery Medial tarsal arteries Arcuate artery First dorsal metatarsal artery Deep plantar artery |
|
|
What artery branches from the dorsalis pedis artery at the level of the neck of the talus (it may branch from the lateral tarsal or perforating artery)?
|
Artery of the sinus tarsi
|
|
|
What artery provides the major vascular supply to the talus?
|
Artery of the sinus tarsi
|
|
|
The artery of the sinus tarsi provides the major vascular supply to what?
|
talus
|
|
|
What artery terminates by anastomosing with the artery of the tarsal canal from the posterior tibial artery?
|
Artery of the sinus tarsi
|
|
|
How does the artery of the sinus tarsi terminate?
|
by anastomosing with the artery of the tarsal canal from the posterior tibial artery
|
|
|
What artery branches from the dorsalis pedis artery at the level of the neck of the talus or navicular?
|
Lateral tarsal artery
|
|
|
The lateral tarsal artery branches from where?
|
from the dorsalis pedis artery at the level of the neck of the talus or navicular
|
|
|
What artery courses laterally deep to EDB with the lateral terminal branch of the deep peroneal nerve?
|
Lateral tarsal artery
|
|
|
What artery vascularizes Extensor Digitorum Brevis?
|
Lateral tarsal artery
|
|
|
What does the lateral tarsal artery vascularize?
|
Extensor Digitorum Brevis
|
|
|
What artery terminates by anastomosing with the anterior lateral malleolar, perforating, and arcuate arteries (lateral malleolar network)?
|
Lateral tarsal artery
|
|
|
How does the lateral tarsal artery terminate?
|
by anastomosing with the anterior lateral malleolar, perforating, and arcuate arteries (lateral malleolar network)
|
|
|
What arteries, usually two or three branches, vascularize structures on the medial aspect of the foot and then anastomose with the medial malleolar network?
|
Medial tarsal arteries
|
|
|
What artery branches from the dorsalis pedis artery near the second metatarsal base?
|
Arcuate artery
|
|
|
What artery courses laterally over the metatarsal bases deep to the tendons of EDL and EDB?
|
Arcuate artery
|
|
|
Where does the arcuate artery branch from?
|
the dorsalis pedis artery near the second metatarsal base
|
|
|
What is the course of the arcuate artery?
|
laterally over the metatarsal bases deep to the tendons of EDL and EDB
|
|
|
What artery terminates by anastomosing with the lateral malleolar network?
|
Arcuate artery
|
|
|
How does the arcuate artery terminate?
|
by anastomosing with the lateral malleolar network
|
|
|
What are the branches of the arcuate artery?
|
Second, third, and fourth dorsal metatarsal arteries
|
|
|
What arteries course distally on its respective dorsal interosseous muscle?
|
Second, third, and fourth dorsal metatarsal arteries
|
|
|
What is the course of the second, third, and fourth dorsal metatarsal arteries?
|
distally on its respective dorsal interosseous muscle
|
|
|
How do the second, third, and fourth dorsal metatarsal arteries terminate?
|
by dividing into two dorsal proper digital arteries at the cleft of the toes for the adjacent sides of the digits
|
|
|
What arteries terminate by dividing into two dorsal proper digital arteries at the cleft of the toes for the adjacent sides of the digits?
|
Second, third, and fourth dorsal metatarsal arteries
|
|
|
What arteries receive at its distal aspect an anterior perforating artery from its respective plantar metatarsal artery?
|
Second, third, and fourth dorsal metatarsal arteries
|
|
|
What arteries receive at its proximal aspect a posterior perforating artery from the plantar arch?
|
Second, third, and fourth dorsal metatarsal arteries
|
|
|
What arteries give off a dorsal proper digital artery to the dorsolateral aspect of the fifth toe?
|
fourth dorsal metatarsal artery
Lateral plantar artery |
|
|
What arteries are terminal branches of the dorsalis pedis artery?
|
First dorsal metatarsal artery
Deep plantar artery |
|
|
The first dorsal metatarsal artery is a terminal branch of what artery?
|
dorsalis pedis artery
|
|
|
What artery courses distally on the first dorsal interosseous muscle?
|
First dorsal metatarsal artery
|
|
|
What is the course of the first dorsal metatarsal artery?
|
distally on the first dorsal interosseous muscle
|
|
|
What artery terminates at the cleft of the toes by dividing into two dorsal proper digital arteries to the adjacent sides of the hallux and second toe?
|
First dorsal metatarsal artery
|
|
|
How dies the first dorsal metatarsal artery terminate?
|
terminates at the cleft of the toes by dividing into two dorsal proper digital arteries to the adjacent sides of the hallux and second toe
|
|
|
What artery gives off a dorsal proper digital artery which courses deep to the tendon of EHL to the dorsomedial aspect of the hallux?
|
First dorsal metatarsal artery
|
|
|
What artery receives an anterior perforating artery from the first plantar metatarsal artery?
|
First dorsal metatarsal artery
|
|
|
What artery courses plantarly through the first dorsal interosseous muscle between the first and second metatarsal bases?
|
Deep plantar artery
|
|
|
What is the course of the deep plantar artery?
|
plantarly through the first dorsal interosseous muscle between the first and second metatarsal bases
|
|
|
What artery unites with the plantar arch portion of the lateral plantar artery to complete the plantar arch?
|
Deep plantar artery
|
|
|
What do the dorsal metatarsal arteries vascularize?
|
metatarsals
sesamoids MTP’s interossei muscles |
|
|
What vascularize the metatarsals, the sesamoids, the MTP’s, and the interossei muscles?
|
dorsal metatarsal arteries
|
|
|
The dorsal proper digital arteries vascularize what?
|
phalanges
interphalangeal joints |
|
|
What vascularize the phalanges, and interphalangeal joints?
|
dorsal proper digital arteries
|
|
|
The plantar surface of the foot is vascularized by what?
|
the medial and lateral plantar arteries
|
|
|
The medial and lateral plantar arteries vascularize what?
|
The plantar surface of the foot
|
|
|
What are the terminal branches of the posterior tibial artery?
|
medial and lateral plantar arteries
|
|
|
The medial and lateral plantar arteries are terminal branches of what artery?
|
the posterior tibial artery
|
|
|
What artery branches from the posterior tibial artery between the calcaneus and abductor hallucis muscle (porta pedis)?
|
Medial plantar artery
|
|
|
What artery courses distally between the abductor hallucis and flexor digitorum brevis muscles to the base of the first metatarsal?
|
Medial plantar artery
|
|
|
What is the course of the medial plantar artery?
|
distally between the abductor hallucis and flexor digitorum brevis muscles to the base of the first metatarsal
|
|
|
What artery terminates along the medioplantar aspect of the hallux as a plantar proper digital artery?
|
Medial plantar artery
|
|
|
How does the medial plantar artery terminate?
|
along the medioplantar aspect of the hallux as a plantar proper digital artery
|
|
|
What artery vascularizes the abductor hallucis and flexor digitorum brevis muscles?
|
Medial plantar artery
|
|
|
What does the medial plantar artery vascularize?
|
the abductor hallucis and flexor digitorum brevis muscles
|
|
|
What artery branches from the posterior tibial artery between the calcaneus and abductor hallucis muscle (porta pedis)?
|
Lateral plantar artery
|
|
|
What artery courses obliquely anteriorly and laterally between the flexor digitorum brevis and quadratus plantae muscles?
|
lateral plantar artery
|
|
|
What is the course of the lateral plantar artery?
|
obliquely anteriorly and laterally between the flexor digitorum brevis and quadratus plantae muscles
|
|
|
What artery becomes more superficially located between flexor digitorum brevis and abductor digiti minimi?
|
lateral plantar artery
|
|
|
What courses on the bases of the metatarsals between the interossei muscles and the oblique head of the adductor hallucis muscle?
|
Plantar arch
|
|
|
What terminates by uniting with the deep plantar artery in the first interspace?
|
Plantar arch
|
|
|
What are the major branches of the lateral plantar artery?
|
Posterior perforating arteries (3)
Plantar metatarsal arteries (4) |
|
|
What artery vascularizes the abductor digiti minimi, quadratus plantae, flexor digiti minimi brevis, and oblique head of adductor hallucis?
|
Lateral plantar arterty
|
|
|
What does the lateral plantar artery vascularize?
|
Abductor digiti minimi
quadratus plantae flexor digiti minimi brevis oblique head of adductor hallucis |
|
|
How many plantar metatarsal arteries are there?
|
4
|
|
|
What arteries course distally on its respective interossei muscles?
|
Plantar metatarsal arteries
|
|
|
What is the course of the plantar metatarsal arteries?
|
distally on its respective interossei muscles
|
|
|
How do the plantar metatarsal arteries terminate?
|
Each terminates by dividing into two plantar proper digital arteries at the cleft of the toes for the adjacent sides of the digits
|
|
|
What arteries vascularize the metatarsals; the sesamoids; the MTP’s; and the interossei muscles, flexor hallucis brevis, lumbricals, and transverse head of adductor hallucis?
|
Plantar metatarsal arteries
|
|
|
What do the plantar metatarsal arteries vascularize?
|
metatarsals
sesamoids MTPs interossei muscles flexor hallucis brevis lumbricals transverse head of adductor hallucis |
|
|
What arteries vascularize the phalanges, and interphalangeal joints?
|
Plantar proper digital arteries
|
|
|
What do the plantar proper digital arteries vascularize?
|
phalanges
interphalangeal joints |
|
|
What artery vascularizes the metatarsals?
|
Plantar metatarsal arteries
|
|
|
What artery vascularizes the MTP’s?
|
Plantar metatarsal arteries
|
|
|
What artery vascularizes the interossei muscles?
|
Plantar metatarsal arteries
|
|
|
What artery vascularizes the flexor hallucis brevis?
|
Plantar metatarsal arteries
|
|
|
What artery vascularizes the lumbricals?
|
Plantar metatarsal arteries
|
|
|
What artery vascularizes the transverse head of adductor hallucis?
|
Plantar metatarsal arteries
|
|
|
What are the arteries in the digits of the foot?
|
two dorsal proper digital arteries
two plantar proper digital arteries |
|
|
The two plantar proper digital arteries terminate where?
|
on the distal aspect of a digit by forming a terminal tuft or terminal arborization which is a major communication between these arteries
|
|
|
The two dorsal proper digital arteries anastomose with what?
|
terminal tuft
|
|
|
What arteries anastomose with the terminal tuft?
|
the two dorsal proper digital arteries
|
|
|
The superficial lymphatic vessels are most abundant on what side of the foot?
|
plantar
|
|
|
Describe the medial group of collecting vessels.
|
Larger and more numerous than the lateral group
course with the great saphenous vein up the leg and thigh drain into the lower group (vertical group) of superficial inguinal lymph nodes |
|
|
Describe the lateral group of collecting vessels.
|
Course anterior and posterior to the lateral malleolus
Those coursing anterior drain into the medial group and those passing posterior accompany the small saphenous vein and drain into the popliteal lymph nodes |
|
|
What do the deep lymphatic vessels course with in the foot?
|
dorsalis pedis
medial plantar lateral plantar arteries and veins |
|
|
What do the deep lymphatic vessels course with in the leg?
|
anterior tibial
posterior tibial peroneal arteries and veins |
|
|
What do the deep lymphatic vessels in the leg drain into?
|
drain into the popliteal lymph nodes
|
|
|
What does the deep peroneal nerve or deep fibular nerve innervate?
|
innervates the anterior compartment of the leg
|
|
|
What nerve innervates the anterior compartment of the leg?
|
deep peroneal nerve or deep fibular nerve
|
|
|
The deep peroneal nerve or deep fibular nerve is a branch of what nerve?
|
Branch of the common peroneal nerve
|
|
|
What is the course of the deep peroneal or deep fibular nerve?
|
courses deep to the deep fascia with the anterior tibial vessels
|
|
|
What nerve courses deep to the deep fascia with the anterior tibial vessels?
|
deep peroneal or deep fibular nerve
|
|
|
What nerve follows the course of the dorsalis pedis artery?
|
Medial terminal branch of the deep peroneal nerve or deep fibular nerve
|
|
|
Medial terminal branch of the deep peroneal nerve or deep fibular nerve follows the course of what artery?
|
dorsalis pedis artery
|
|
|
What nerve becomes superficial as it pierces the deep fascia at the distal aspect of the first interspace?
|
Medial terminal branch of the deep peroneal nerve or deep fibular nerve
|
|
|
What nerve divides into two dorsal proper digital nerves for the adjacent side of the hallux and second toe?
|
Medial terminal branch of the deep peroneal nerve or deep fibular nerve
|
|
|
What nerve follows the course of the lateral tarsal artery?
|
Lateral terminal branch of the deep peroneal nerve or deep fibular nerve
|
|
|
The lateral terminal branch of the deep peroneal nerve or deep fibular nerve follows the course of what artery?
|
lateral tarsal artery
|
|
|
Lateral terminal branch of the deep peroneal nerve or deep fibular nerve innervate?
|
Innervates the extensor digitorum brevis
|
|
|
The superficial peroneal or superficial fibular nerve is a branch of what nerve?
|
Branch of the common peroneal (fibular) nerve
|
|
|
What nerve innervates the lateral compartment of the leg?
|
superficial peroneal or superficial fibular nerve
|
|
|
What does the superficial peroneal or superficial fibular nerve innervate?
|
the lateral compartment of the leg
|
|
|
What nerve pierces the deep fascia in the lower one-third of the leg and innervates the skin on the lower anterolateral aspect of the leg?
|
superficial peroneal or superficial fibular nerve
|
|
|
What nerve proximal to the malleoli it divides into a medial dorsal cutaneous nerve and an intermediate dorsal cutaneous nerve?
|
superficial peroneal or superficial fibular nerve
|
|
|
What nerve branches from the superficial peroneal (fibular) nerve in the lower leg region?
|
Medial dorsal cutaneous nerve
|
|
|
What nerve on the dorsum of the foot divides into a dorsal proper digital branch and a dorsal common digital branch?
|
Medial dorsal cutaneous nerve
|
|
|
What nerve innervates the skin on the dorsomedial aspect of the hallux?
|
The dorsal proper digital branch of the medial dorsal cutaneous nerve
|
|
|
The dorsal proper digital branch communicates with what 2 nerves?
|
the medial terminal branch of the deep peroneal nerve and the saphenous nerve
|
|
|
The dorsal common digital branch divides into two dorsal proper digital branches for the skin on the adjacent sides of what 2 toes?
|
the second and third toes
|
|
|
The dorsal common digital branch of the medial dorsal cutaneous nerve innervates what?
|
the skin on the dorsomedial side of the foot
|
|
|
The intermediate dorsal cutaneous nerve branches from what nerve?
|
Branches from the superficial peroneal (fibular) nerve in the lower leg region
|
|
|
What nerve on the dorsum of the foot divides into a medial dorsal common digital branch and a lateral dorsal common digital branch?
|
Intermediate dorsal cutaneous nerve
|
|
|
The medial dorsal common digital branch of the intermediate dorsal cutaneous nerve branch divides into two dorsal proper digital branches for the skin on the adjacent sides of what toes?
|
the third and fourth toes
|
|
|
The lateral dorsal common digital branch of the intermediate dorsal cutaneous branch divides into two dorsal proper digital branches for the skin on the adjacent sides of what toes?
|
the fourth and fifth toes
|
|
|
The lateral dorsal common digital branch communicates with what nerve?
|
the lateral dorsal cutaneous nerve
|
|
|
What does the intermediate dorsal cutaneous nerve innervate?
|
it innervates the skin on the dorsointermediate side of the foot
|
|
|
What innervates the skin on the dorsointermediate side of the foot?
|
the intermediate dorsal cutaneous nerve innervate
|
|
|
The intermediate dorsal cutaneous nerve may also branch from what 2 nerves?
|
the sural nerve or the lateral dorsal cutaneous nerve
|
|
|
The lateral dorsal cutaneous nerve is a continuation of what nerve?
|
the sural nerve as it courses below the lateral malleolus
|
|
|
What is the course of the lateral dorsal cutaneous nerve?
|
It courses along the dorsolateral side of the foot innervating the skin in this region
|
|
|
What nerves courses along the dorsolateral side of the foot innervating the skin in this region?
|
the lateral dorsal cutaneous nerve
|
|
|
What nerve terminates as a dorsal proper digital nerve to the dorsolateral side of the fifth toe?
|
the lateral dorsal cutaneous nerve
|
|
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How does the lateral dorsal cutaneous nerve terminate?
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as a dorsal proper digital nerve to the dorsolateral side of the fifth toe
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The lateral dorsal cutaneous nerve communicates with what nerve?
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the lateral dorsal common digital branch of the intermediate dorsal cutaneous nerve
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What do some textbooks still call the lateral dorsal cutaneous nerve?
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the sural nerve
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The saphenous nerve is a branch of what nerve?
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Branch of the femoral nerve in the thigh
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What is the course of the saphenous nerve?
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Courses with the great saphenous vein in the leg
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How does the saphenous nerve terminate?
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Terminates on the dorsum of the foot by innervating the skin on the medial side of the foot up to the first MTP
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What nerve is the only nerve of the foot that is not a branch of the sciatic nerve?
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saphenous nerve
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The plantar and posterior aspect of the foot is innervated by what nerves?
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Tibial nerve:
-Medial calcaneal nerve -Medial plantar nerve -Lateral plantar nerve Sural nerve: -Lateral calcaneal nerve |
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The medial plantar nerve is a branch of what nerve?
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tibial nerve
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What is the course of the medial plantar nerve?
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Courses distally with the medial plantar vessels between the abductor hallucis and flexor digitorum brevis muscles
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What nerve courses distally with the medial plantar vessels between the abductor hallucis and flexor digitorum brevis muscles?
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the medial plantar nerve
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What nerve as it courses distally gives off cutaneous, muscular and articular branches?
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the medial plantar nerve
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How does the medial plantar nerve terminate?
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It terminates by dividing into a plantar proper digital and three plantar common digital branches
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What nerve innervate the skin on the medioplantar aspect of the foot?
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Cutaneous branches of the medial plantar nerve
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What do the cutaneous branches of the medial plantar nerve innervate?
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the skin on the medioplantar aspect of the foot
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What nerve innervates the abductor hallucis and flexor digitorum brevis muscles before the medial plantar nerve divides into plantar proper and plantar common digital branches?
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Muscular branches of the medial plantar nerve
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What nerve innervates joints on the medial portion of the tarsus?
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Articular branches of the medial plantar nerve
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What do the articular branches of the medial plantar nerve innervate?
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joints on the medial portion of the tarsus
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The second plantar common digital branch of the medial plantar nerve divides into two plantar proper digital branches for the skin on the adjacent sides of what toes?
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second and third toes
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The third plantar common digital branch of the medial plantar nerve divides into two plantar proper digital branches for the skin on the adjacent sides of what toes?
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third and fourth toes
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The third plantar common digital branch of the medial plantar nerve is the common site of what?
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Morton’s neuroma
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What is the common site for a Morton's neuroma?
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The third plantar common digital branch of the medial plantar nerve
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The third plantar common digital branch of the medial plantar nerve communicates with what nerve?
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the plantar common digital branch of the superficial division of the lateral plantar nerve
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The lateral plantar nerve is a branch of what nerve?
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the tibial nerve
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What is the course of the lateral planter nerve?
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Courses distally with the lateral plantar vessels
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How does the lateral planter nerve terminate?
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by dividing into a superficial and deep branch
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What nerve innervate the skin on the lateroplantar aspect of the foot?
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Cutaneous branches of the lateral plantar nerve
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The cutaneous branches of the lateral plantar nerve innervate what?
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the skin on the lateroplantar aspect of the foot
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What nerve innervates the abductor digiti minimi and quadratus plantae muscles before the lateral plantar nerve divides into a superficial and deep branch?
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Muscular branches of the lateral plantar nerve
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The muscular branches of the lateral plantar nerve innervate what?
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abductor digiti minimi
quadratus plantae |
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What is Baxter’s Nerve?
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the first branch of the lateral plantar nerve
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The first branch of the lateral plantar nerve is known by what other name?
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Baxter’s Nerve
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What nerve innervates joints on the lateral portion of the tarsus?
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Articular branches of the lateral plantar nerve
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The articular branches of the lateral plantar nerve innervate what?
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joints on the lateral portion of the tarsus
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What nerve innervates the flexor digiti minimi brevis, fourth dorsal interosseous, and third plantar interosseous muscles; and the skin on the lateroplantar aspect of the fifth toe?
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Plantar proper digital branch of the superficial branch of the lateral plantar nerve
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What does the plantar proper digital branch of the superficial branch of the lateral plantar nerve innervate?
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flexor digiti minimi brevis
fourth dorsal interosseous third plantar interosseous skin on the lateroplantar aspect of the fifth toe |
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Plantar common digital branch of the superficial branch of the lateral plantar nerve Divides into two plantar proper digital branches for the skin on the adjacent sides of what toes?
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the fourth and fifth toes
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The plantar common digital branch communicates with what nerve?
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the third plantar common digital branch of the medial plantar nerve
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What is course of the deep branch of the lateral planter nerve?
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Courses with the plantar arch portion of the lateral plantar artery
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What does the deep branch of the lateral plantar nerve innervate?
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adductor hallucis
second, third, and fourth lumbricals first, second, and third dorsal interosseous first, and second plantar interosseous muscles |
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The first plantar common digital branch of the medial nerve is in what interspace?
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1st interspace
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The second plantar common digital branch of the medial nerve is in what interspace?
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2nd interspace
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The third plantar common digital branch of the medial nerve is in what interspace?
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3rd interspace
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What nerve is in the 1st interspace on the plantar surface of the foot?
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The first plantar common digital branch of the medial nerve
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What nerve is in the 2nd interspace on the plantar surface of the foot?
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The second plantar common digital branch of the medial nerve
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What nerve is in the 3rd interspace on the plantar surface of the foot?
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The third plantar common digital branch of the medial nerve
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What plantar common digital branch of the lateral nerve is in what interspace?
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4th interspace
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What nerve on the plantar surface of the foot is in the 4th interspace?
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the plantar common digital branch of the lateral nerve
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The medial calcaneal nerve is a branch of what nerve?
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tibial nerve
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What nerve innervates the skin on the plantar and medial aspect of the heel?
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medial calcaneal nerve
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The medial calcaneal nerve innervates what?
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the skin on the plantar and medial aspect of the heel
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Entrapment of the medial calcaneal nerve is a common cause of what?
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heel pain
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The lateral calcaneal nerve is a branch of what nerve?
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sural nerve
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What nerve innervates the skin on the posterior and lateral aspect of the heel?
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lateral calcaneal nerve
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What does the lateral calcaneal nerve innervate?
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the skin on the posterior and lateral aspect of the heel
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The plantar proper digital nerves are branches of what nerves?
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the medial and lateral plantar nerves
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What nerve gives off cutaneous and articular branches along their respective quadrant of a digit?
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Plantar proper digital nerves
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What nerves terminate in the area of the ungual tuberosity by sending branches to the distal end of the digit?
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Plantar proper digital nerves
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Where do the plantar proper digital nerves terminate?
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ungual tuberosity
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At the level of what structure do the plantar proper digital nerves send branches dorsally to the structures around the nail?
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the distal phalanx
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What nerves are anesthetized for a digital block?
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all four digital nerves
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What arteries make up the lateral malleolar network?
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anterior lateral malleolar arteries
perforating arteries arcuate arteries |
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The dorsal metatarsal arteries course distally on what muscles?
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dorsal interossei
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The first dorsal metatarsal artery gives off a dorsal proper digital artery which courses deep to what tendon?
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Extensor Hallucis Longus
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What structures make up the porta pedis?
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calcaneus
abductor hallucis muscle |
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The dorsum of the foot is innervated by what nerves?
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Medial terminal branch of the deep peroneal nerve (deep fibular nerve)
Lateral terminal branch of the deep peroneal nerve (deep fibular nerve) Medial dorsal cutaneous nerve which is a branch of the superficial peroneal nerve (superficial fibular nerve) Intermediate dorsal cutaneous nerve which is a branch of superficial peroneal nerve (superficial fibular nerve) Lateral dorsal cutaneous nerve which is a continuation of the sural nerve onto the foot Saphenous nerve which is a branch of femoral nerve |
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What is the location of the medial terminal branch of the deep peroneal nerve (deep fibular nerve) compared with the dorsalis pedis artery?
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medial terminal branch of the deep peroneal nerve (deep fibular nerve)is medial to the dorsalis pedis artery
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What does Baxter's Nerve innervate?
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the periosteum of the calcaneus
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