Love, Sex And Relationships Midterm

Front 1

4 components of sexual intelligence

Back 1

1. self understanding
2. interpersonal sexual skills
3. scientific knowledge
4. consideration of cultural context of sexuality

Front 2

in Maslow's Hierachy of needs, where is sex?

Back 2

at the bottom- physiological level (same level as breathing, food, water, etc)

Front 3

sexuality according to judeo christians

Back 3

- rigid gender roles (women- take care of household, obey husband)
- sex is a profound experience (more than reproductive necessity- physical & emotional)

Front 4

sexuality according to christianity

Back 4

- sex is sinful
- contradictory images of women in middle ages (virgin & temptress

Front 5

positive shift in sex happened during ___ when there was a temporary increase in respect for women, value of sex not only for procreation, & sex outside of marriage was not seen as sinful

Back 5

protestant reformation

Front 6

sexuality in victorian era (1800s)

Back 6

- women seen as asexual
- prostitution flourished
- emotional & physical distance btwn husband & wife

Front 7

Freud saw sexuality as ___ in men & women

Back 7

innate

Front 8

___ shattered social taboos in 1960s & 1970s by interviewing ppl about sex and making books about them

Back 8

Kinsey

Front 9

each year teenagers on average are exposed to ____ sexual references

Back 9

14,000

Front 10

true or false- sexual imagery is a new invention

Back 10

false! prehistoric cave drawings depict sexual activity
- kama sutra 400 AD

Front 11

__ in ancient China promotes sexual activity, oral sex, ying and yang

Back 11

Taoism

Front 12

___ is defined as genetic & anatomical

Back 12

sex

Front 13

__ is defined as male or female

Back 13

gender

Front 14

___ is defined as a subjective identification of being male or female

Back 14

gender identity

Front 15

gender identity is based off of 3 factors

Back 15

1. biological
2. psychological
3. social

Front 16

by what age do we have a firm sense of gender identity

Back 16

3

Front 17

___ is defined as what is considered "normal within the culture", & where we fit in society

Back 17

gender role

Front 18

early predictions of behavior based on an individuals maleness or femaleness

Back 18

gender assumptions

Front 19

gender assumptions + experience + interaction = ___

Back 19

gender stereotypes

Front 20

___ is a notion of what a person is like based on their appearance, sex, age, race, religion, & sexual orientation

Back 20

stereotypes

ex) men- strong, logical, unemotional
women- nurturing, vulnerable, emotional

Front 21

___ are characteristics of both sexes

Back 21

androgyny
- more flexible behaviors
- increased self esteem
- better communication skills

Front 22

true or false-Margaret Mead did studies that show the reverse gender roles

Back 22

true

Front 23

human body cells have 46 chromosomes arranged in 23 pairs w/ __ autosomes & __ sex chromosome

Back 23

22, 1

Front 24

gonadal sex for female is __
gonadal sex for male is __

Back 24

ovaries, testes

Front 25

hormonal sex for females is__
hormonal sex for males is __

Back 25

estrogens & progestational compounds; androgens

Front 26

internal reproductive structures for females:

Back 26

1. fallopian tubes
2. uterus
3. inner part of vagina

Front 27

internal reproductive structures for males:

Back 27

vas deferens, seminal vesicles, ejaculatory ducts

Front 28

external genitals for females:

Back 28

clitoris, inner vaginal lips, outer vaginal lips

Front 29

external genitals for males:

Back 29

penis & scrotum

Front 30

hypothalmic area in women are ___ than in men

Back 30

smaller

Front 31

cerebral cortex of right hemisphere is ___ in females than males

Back 31

thinner

Front 32

corpus callosum is ____ in females than in male brains

Back 32

thicker

Front 33

there is ___ lateralization of function in female brain compared to male brain

Back 33

less

Front 34

differentiation process:

Back 34

chromosomal sex-- gonadal sex--hormonal sex-- internal reproductive structures-- external genitals-- brain development

Front 35

gonadal sex differentiation happens in ___ weeks

Back 35

6

Front 36

differentiation of hormonal sex happens at ___ weeks

Back 36

8

Front 37

differentiation of external genitals is complete by ___ week

Back 37

12th

Front 38

the ___ gene in males is a short arm of the y chromosome that leads to development of testes

Back 38

SRY gene

Front 39

in both sexes the _____ secrete sex hormones such as small amounts of estrogen & androgen

Back 39

adrenal glands

Front 40

in males ___ stimulates labial swelling to become scrotum

Back 40

DHT

Front 41

w/o testosterone & under the influence of ___ the genital tubercle becomes clit

Back 41

DSS

Front 42

in males, androgens stimulate ___ to develop into vas deferens, seminal vesicles & ejaculatory ducts

Back 42

wolffian ducts

Front 43

in females, ___ develop into fallopian tubes, uterus, inner vagina, & wolffian ducts go away

Back 43

mullerian ducts

Front 44

clitoris to girls is ___ to guys

Back 44

glans of penis

Front 45

hood of clit is to ___

Back 45

foreskin of penis

Front 46

shaft of penis----____

Back 46

labia minora

Front 47

labia majora---_____

Back 47

scrotal sac

Front 48

testes----_____

Back 48

ovaries

Front 49

skene's ducts----____

Back 49

prostate gland

Front 50

cowper's gland---____

Back 50

bartholin's gland

Front 51

in females, the ____ is in charge of cylic release of hormones for menstruation

Back 51

hypothalamus

Front 52

a person w/ ambiguous or contradictory sex characteristics

Back 52

hemaphrodite

Front 53

both ovarian & testicular tissue

Back 53

true hermaphrodite

Front 54

both w/ ambiguous genitalia, but gonad tissue matches chromosomal sex

Back 54

pseudo hermaphrodite

Front 55

2 sex chromosome disorders are

Back 55

1. turners syndrome (xo)
2. klinefelter's syndrome (xxy)

Front 56

- only 1 sex chromosome
- normal external female genitals
- no ovaries or breasts, sterile

Back 56

turners syndrome

Front 57

- 1:1000 male births
- anatomically male, sterile, undersized penis & testes
- identify as male
- 2 x chromosomes makes xxy individual

Back 57

kinfelter's syndrome

Front 58

3 hormonal abnormalities:

Back 58

1. androgen insensitivity syndrome
2. fetally androgenised females
3. DHT deficient males

Front 59

- chromosomal male fetus insensitive to androgens
- feminisation of prenatal development- female genitals
- reared as female

Back 59

AIS

Front 60

- chromosomal female masculinized by exposure to excessive androgens
- born w/ masculine looking genitals
- identified as female by medical tests
- reared as female

Back 60

fetally androgenised females

Front 61

- genetic defect that prevents conversion of testosterone into DHT
- penis undeveloped, testes don't descend at birth, shallow vagina
- often raised female

Back 61

DHT deficient males

Front 62

people whose appearance and/or behaviours don't conform to traditional gender roles

Back 62

transgendered

Front 63

cross gender identification, gender dysphoria

Back 63

transsexual

Front 64

ppl who cross dress for purpose of sexual arousal

Back 64

transvestite

Front 65

pads of fatty tissue btwn pubic bone & skin on woman

Back 65

mons veneris
- touch & pressure sexually pleasurable

Front 66

purpose of the clitoris is:

Back 66

pleasure

Front 67

what percentage of women need direct clitoral stimulation to reach orgasm

Back 67

70-80%

Front 68

the opening of the vagina

Back 68

vaginal introitus

Front 69

3 layers of tissue of the vagina

Back 69

mucous, muscle, & fibrous tissue

Front 70

mucousa layer produces ___ to maintain chemical balance & provide lubrication

Back 70

secretions

Front 71

fibrous tissue layer of vagina is ___ tissue

Back 71

connective

Front 72

blood flowing into tissues is called:

Back 72

vasocongestion

Front 73

2 functions of lubrication

Back 73

1. enhances possibility of conception (make it more alkaline)
2. increases sexual enjoyment

Front 74

Area of smooth skin between the vaginal opening and the anus

Back 74

perinuem

Front 75

Two bulbs on each side of the vaginal opening that engorge with blood during sexual arousal

Back 75

vestibular bulbs

Front 76

Two small glands, slightly inside the vaginal opening that secrete a few drops of fluid during sexual arousal just before orgasm

Back 76

bartholin's glans

Front 77

walls of the ___ nourish the zygote

Back 77

uterus

Front 78

Two tubes extending from the sides of the uterus in which the sperm and egg travel

Back 78

fallopian tubes

Front 79

regardless of the length of menstruation cycle, ovulation occurs ___ days before getting your period

Back 79

14 days

Front 80

painful menses

Back 80

dysmenorrhea

Front 81

no menses

Back 81

amenorrhea

Front 82

portion of the penis that extends internally into the pelvic cavity

Back 82

root

Front 83

external portion of the penis excluding the head

Back 83

shaft

Front 84

acorn shaped head of the penis

Back 84

glans

Front 85

true or false- muscles are located at the base of the penis

Back 85

true

Front 86

2 major functions of testes:

Back 86

1. sex hormones
2. production of sperm

Front 87

what is the 4 phase model for arousal

Back 87

excitement, plateau, orgasm, resolution

Front 88

no masturbation or sexual contact with another person

Back 88

complete celibacy

Front 89

engages in masturbation but does not have interpersonal sexual contact

Back 89

partial celibacy

Front 90

what percentage of males have erotic dreams?

Back 90

93%

Front 91

what percentage of females have erotic dreams?

Back 91

86%

Front 92

true or false- males use fantasy more oftehn than females

Back 92

true

Front 93

women are more likely to have a fantasy about a ____ partner

Back 93

former

Front 94

men are more likely to have a fantasy about a ___ partner

Back 94

new

Front 95

true or false- males & females are more comfortable with a fantasy about a workmate than a celebrity

Back 95

false! other way around

Front 96

pros to fantasies include:

Back 96

- healthy aspect of sexuality
- pleasurable & arousing
- increases interest and arousal

Front 97

cons to fantasies include:

Back 97

- inability to discuss sexual issues w/ partner
- disclosed fantasies may erode trust
- Violent/deviant fantasy sign of social isolation and emotional instability

Front 98

self stimulation of genitals for sexual pleasure

Back 98

masturbation

Front 99

masturbation is good for:

Back 99

- relieves sexual tension
- self exploring
- shared experience to enhance intensity
- assists in physical relaxation
- assists knowledge of sexual response

Front 100

who made a model with levels of constructice or destructive expressions of sexuality

Back 100

Maltz

Front 101

this system determines sexuality
- includes: cungulate gyrus, amygdala, hippocampus, parts of the hypothalamus

Back 101

limbic system

Front 102

Electrical stimulation of the ____ produces sexual arousal

Back 102

hypothalamus

Front 103

what part of the hypothalamus increases sexual behavior

Back 103

MPOA (medial preoptic area)

Front 104

what neurotransmitter facilitates sexual arousal

Back 104

dopamine

Front 105

what neurotransmitter inhibits sexual arousal

Back 105

serotonin

Front 106

true or false- women have less free testosterone but their cells are more sensitive to it than men

Back 106

true

Front 107

what hormone is secreted during cuddling & physical intimacy

Back 107

oxytocin
- increased skin sensitivity
- stimulates contractions of uterine wall during orgasm

Front 108

general term for male sex hormones is androgens

Back 108

androgens

Front 109

what are the 3 stages of Kaplan's 3 stage model

Back 109

1. desire
2. excitement
3. orgasm

Front 110

what are Master & Johnson's 4 phases of sexual arousal

Back 110

1. excitement
2. plateau
3. orgasm
4. resolution

Front 111

2 physiological processes during sexual arousal are:

Back 111

Vasocongestion
Myotonia

Front 112

what is the dominant sexual sense

Back 112

touch

Front 113

primary erogenous zones include:

Back 113

genitals, buttocks, anus, perineum, breasts (esp. nipples), inner thigh, armpits, navel, neck, ears, mouth

Front 114

secondary erogenous zones include:

Back 114

anywhere else other than primary

Front 115

what is the 2nd most dominant sexual sense

Back 115

vision

Front 116

true or false- males are more aroused by visual stimuli than women

Back 116

true

Front 117

females secrete ___ during their fertile period

Back 117

pheromones
- make boys go crazayy

Front 118

____ and ____ tramsmit neural messages to the brain
(smell)

Back 118

(VMO) vomeronasal organ and olfactory epithelium (OE)

Front 119

for homosexual men, ___ and ___ are most common sexual practices

Back 119

oral sex & mutual masturbation

Front 120

for homosexual women, what 3 acts are most common sexually

Back 120

kissing, tribadism (scissoring), & oral sex

Front 121

what is the riskiest of all sexual behaviours associated with the transmission of HIV particularly for receptive partner

Back 121

rimming (anal stimulation)

Front 122

interest in genitalia begins around what age

Back 122

4-7 years old
- inspection to touching of genitals

Front 123

by the end of adolescence, what percentage of males & females have masturbated to orgasm?

Back 123

100% males, 75% females

Front 124

true or false, teens are less likely to use birth control

Back 124

true!
- lack of knowledge
- less stable relationships
- confidentiality concerns

Front 125

most STI's are contracted from what ages?

Back 125

15-24 years old

Front 126

what is the #1 bacterial STI

Back 126

chlamydia

Front 127

what is the #2 bacterial STI

Back 127

gonorrhea

Front 128

true or false- The love styles and practices of couples, heterosexual, homosexual and bisexual, are more similar than they are different

Back 128

true!

Front 129

what are 2 human pheromones?

Back 129

EST (Estratetraenol) and AND (androstadienone)

Front 130

opiates and alcohol are 2 examples of what?

Back 130

anaphrodisiacs

Front 131

what is cunnilingus?

Back 131

oral sex on a girl

Front 132

what happens from ages 10-11?

Back 132

- self consciousness may emerge
- self discovery & peer interactions important
- dramatic physiological changes & social role development

Front 133

what nation has highest teen pregnancy rate in Western world?

Back 133

USA