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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Enlarged ovary
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> 12 cc
Ovarian Torsion / Intermittent torsion PCOS - clinical syndrome amennorhea or irregular menses, obesity, hirsutism - enlarged ovaries - "string of pearls" peripherally arrayed follicles Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome - due to exogenous hormones for fertility treatment or endogenous hormones (neoplasm?) + ascites + pleural effusions |
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Adenomyosis
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Endometriosis of the uterus
Junctional zone > 12 mm Myometrial cysts Asymmetric enlargement of anterior and posterior uterine walls |
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Endometrial carcinoma
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MC gynecologic cancer
Suspect in post-menopausal woman with vaginal bleeding - Endometrial stripe > 5 mm postmenopausal or > 8 mm postmenopausal on estrogen |
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GTD
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elevated bHCG
vaginal bleeding thickened stripe uterine size greater than dates ovarian theca lutein cysts preeclampsia hyperemesis gravidarum |
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Uterine abnormalities
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Always check for asoociated renal ectopia or agenesis
Bicornuate - two horns - one or two cervixes (uni- or bicollis) - fundus is dimpled > 1 cm - separate endometrial canals - may be a/w fusion abnormailies with a rudimentary horn or cornual hypoplasia - tx metroplasty Didelphis - 2 horns, 2 cervixes, 2 vaginas - incidental finding Unicornuate - one horn Septate - thin fibrous membrane separating endometrial canal - a/w infertility due to failed implantations on relatively avascular septum - fundus normal, straight, or dimpled < 1 cm - tx transvaginal septal resection Arcuate - normal variant - fundus dimpled < 1 cm |
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Starry sky liver
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ACUTE HEPATITIS
Hepatic congestion Biliary / PV air Diffuse infiltrating neoplasm |
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Ovarian neoplasms
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90% epithelial
- serous cystadenoma / carcinoma - mucinous cystadenoma / carcinoma 10% - germ cell - sex cord - mets |
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US threshold for OB detection / failed 1st trimester px
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Should detect Yolk sac with mean sac diameter (MSD):
> 8 mm (TV) > 20 mm (TA) Should detect FETAL POLE with means sac diameter (MSD): > 18 (TV) > 25 (TA) Should detect FETAL CARDIAC ACTIVITY if fetal pole: > 5 mm |
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Hyperechoic subchorionic structure
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Subchorionic hemorrhage
Succenturiate lobe (accessory placenta) IUP with concommitant molar pregnancy Fibroid |
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Fetal ventriculomegaly
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Lateral ventricels > 10 mm
Spina bifida Dandy Walker Chiari Aqueductal stenosis Encephalocele |
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Midline fetal intracranial cystic structure
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Arachnoid cyst
Ch |
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Diffuse GB wall thickening
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Acute chole
Chronic chole Venous congestion Hypoprotienemia PV HTN with GB mural collaterals Hepatitis/Pacreatitis/Duodenitis |
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Multiple splenic hypoechoic lesions
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Mets (melanoma, lung, breast, colon)
Candidiasis Lymphoma Histo TB PJP Sarcoid |
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Testicular cysts
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Tunica albuginea cysts
- peripheral - < 5 mm - palpable Tubular ectasia of the rete testes - mediastinal location - +/- spermatocele Testicular cyst - intraparenchymal - not palpable |
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Testiclular neoplasm
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GCT
- seminoma - homogeneous - hypoechoic - non-seminomatous Sex cord tumor Lymphoma - older men - increased vascularity Mets Epidermoid - onion skin - enucleation |
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Fetal sacral mass
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Sacrococcygeal teratoma
- internal, external, or both - solid, cystic or mixed - may cause hydrops Myelomeningocele - may be anterior (internal) - Chiari II Rhabdomyosarcoma |
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Increased Nuchal translucency
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Measured at 11-14 weeks
Nl < 2.8 mm Increased in: Trisomy 21, 18, 13 Turner syndrome Edema |
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"banana" sign
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Banana shaped posterior fossa, cerebellum on axial fetal US
Chiari II Dandy-Walker Joubert |
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Fetal lung mass
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CPAM
- >80% of fetal lung masses Sequestration Intralobar - invested by shared pleura - pulmonary venous drainage Extralobar - invested by separate pleura - systemic drainage CLO CDH |
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TWINS
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Di/Di
- dizygotic or monozygotic - separate or fused placentae - chorion/amnion > 2 mm thickness - "twin peak" sign of placental tissue extending between the chorionic leaves Mono/di - monozygotic - risk of TTTS, preterm delivery, mortality, IUGR Mono/Mono - monozygotic - risk of TTTS, cord entanglement, preterm delivery, IUGR, mortality |
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Twin-twin transfusion syndrome
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> 20% discrepancy of estimated fetal weight in monochorionic twins
Due to vascular shunting in placenta Underperfused twin may develop IUGR and "stuck twin" DDx: normal variation |
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Asymmetric twin size
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Nl variation
TTTS Fetal demise |
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Fetal US: hydronephrosis and megacystis
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Posterior urethral valves
- male Prune belly - deficient abdominal wall musculature - hydro - megaureter - megacystis - cryptorchidism Megacystitis-microcolon intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome |
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Umbilical cord abnormalities/lesions
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2 vessel cord
a/w - increased incidence of congenital abnormalities - z |
