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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Arthridities with subluxations (and which are reducible)
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RA
OA SLE (reducible) Jacoud's (post Rheumatic fever) (reducible) |
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Generalized osteopenia
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Osteoporosis
Osteomalacia Hyperparathyroidism Neoplasm - MM |
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Localized osteopenia
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Disuse osteopenia
RSD (aka complex regional pain syndrome) Transient regional OP |
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Renal osteodystrophy
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= Bone changes seen in CRF
= osteomalacia + hyperparathyroidism = - abnormal mineralization - coarse trabeculae - subperiosteal resorption - subligamentous resorption - dense bones - soft tissue calcification - vascular calcification - tumoral calcification - |
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Hypoparathyroidism
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Dense bones
Soft tissue calcs BG calcs |
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Pseudohypoparathyroidism
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Short stature
Obesity Brachydactyly (short digits) Soft tissue calcs |
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Increased number wormian bones
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Hypothyroidism
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Hypothyroidism
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Wormian bones
Epiphyseal dysgenesis SCFE |
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Hyperthyroidism
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Accelerated skeletal maturity
Thyroid acropachy (rare) - Fluffy periostitis - STS |
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Acromegaly
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Excess GH
Soft tissue and bone overgrowth in distal limbs Thickened heel pad Enthesophytes Spade-like tufts |
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Scurvy (hypovitaminosis C)
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Vitamin C deficiency
Abnormal collagen OP Subperiosteal hemorrhage (dramatic in kids) Relative sclerosis of the epiphyses (Wimburger's sign) |
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Polyostotic lytic lesions
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FEEMMHO
Fibrous dysplasia EG Enchondroma Mets MM Hyperparathyroidism Osteomyelitis |
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Lytic lesion in the posterior elements
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GO APE
GCT Osteoblastoma ABC Plasmacytoma EG |
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DISH associated with?
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OPLL
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Bone findings in NF?
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Bowing
Pathologic fractures Pseudoarthrosis Scoliosis Posterior scalloping of VB's |
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Posterior scalloping of VB's
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Mesodermal dysplasia
- NF - Ehlers-Danlos - Marfans Achondroplasia Dural ectasia Spinal canal mass |
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Anterior scalloping of VB's
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Mesodermal dysplasia
- NF - Ehlers-Danlos - Marfans LAD AAA TB |
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Vertebra Plana
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Peds:
- EG - Lymphoma/Leukemia - Infection - Hemangioma - ABC Adult: - Osteoporotic pathologic fx (steroids) - Mets - Myeloma - Trauma |
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Gauchers disease bone findings
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AVN
Erlenmeyer flask deformity |
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Ivory vertebral body
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Paget's dz (if expansile)
Osteoblastic met - breast - prostate - bladder - bronchial carcinoid - gastric - nasopharyngeal - medullo/neuroblastoma (peds) Lymphoma Chronic osteo |
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Picture frame vertebral body
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Paget dz
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Complications of Pagets dz
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Sarcomatous transformation
Pathologic fx Spinal cord/cranial nerve compromise |
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Hemophilia in the knee
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widening of the intercondylar notch
squaring of the patella |
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Dark T2 in the joint
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Hemophilia
Old hemarthrosis PVNS |
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Diffuse periostitis
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Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy (HO)
Chronic venous stasis Caffey disease (infantile cortical hyperostosis) - assymetric - polyostotic - diaphyses +/- metaphyses Thyroid acropachy Prostaglandin therapy |
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Tarsal Sinus Syndrome
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Caused by trauma (inversion sprain), with delayed presentation
Dark T1 w/i sinus tarsi fat Bright on T2/STIR w/i sinus tarsi fat |
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Midline sacral mass
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Chordoma
GCT Plasmacytoma Mets Chondrosarcoma |
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Permeative lytic lesion
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Mets
Myeloma Lymphoma Osteomyelitis EG Peds: EG Osteomyelitis Ewings Mets - Neuroblastoma - Osteosarcoma |
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Diffuse or multiple sclerotic VBs
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Renal osteodystrophy
Osteopetrosis Mets Fluorosis |
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Sandwich vertebrae
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Osteopetrosis tarda
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Fluorosis
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Dense osteo/entheophytes
Diffusely dense bones |
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Osgood-Schlatter
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Osteochondrosis of the tibial tubercle
BL in 25-50% Tenderness and STS overlying tibial tubercle Fragmentation of the tibial tubercle (late finding) Thickening and increased T2W in the distal patellar tendon +/- abnormal signal in the underlying marrow or Hoffa's fad pad |
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Weber classification
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Stratifies ankle fractures
According to fracture plane in distal fibula with respect to tibiotalar articulation and integrity of the distal tibial-fibular syndesmosis A = fibular fx below tibiotalar joint B = fibular fx at tlevel of tibiotalar joint C = fibular fx superior to tibiotalar joint A & B further classified 1, 2, or 3 1 = isolated 2 = + medial malleolus fx or deltoid ligamant tear 3 = + posterior malleolus fx C further classified 1, 2 or 3 C1 = isolated C2 = more proximal fibular fx C3 = Maissoneuve |
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Felty's syndrome
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RA
Splenomegaly Leukopenia |
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DDH
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MC on left side
MC in girls BL in 20% 1/1000 live births Shallow acetabulum due to ligmantous laxity at hip US: - Bony acetabulum should 1/2 of femoral head - alpha angle should be > 60 degrees (angle formed by acetabular roof and line drawn down verticle lateral cortical margin of ilium) XR (after 6 months): - femoral ossicification center should lie inferior to Hilgenreiner's line (Horizontal line through triradiate cartilages) - femoral ossification center should lie medial to Perkin's line (Perpendicular line to Hilgenreiner's line intersecting lateral most aspect of acetabular roof) - acetabular index should be less than 30 degrees Pulvinar = fibrofatty tissue that forms to fill widened joint space |
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Carpal tunnel syndrome
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BL in 50%
Causes: - idiopathic (MC) - tenosynovitis - ganglion - neuroma - post-traumatic changes or fibrosis of carpal tunnel Sx: - nocturnal hand discomfort - parathesia 1-4.5 digits - thenar wasting Tinel's sign = tingling in 1-3.5 digits Phalen's test = flex at 90 degrees should reproduce sx in 60 seconds Abrupt change in morphology, enhancement or edema in median nerve |
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SCFE
- age - laterality - associateions - displacement - radiographic assessment |
Slipped capital femoral epiphysis
Ages 10-16 20-30% bilateral A/W: - male - obesity - trauma - hypothyroidism - growth spurts - renal osteodystrophy - malnutrition Posteromedial displacement of femoral head Frogleg and AP hips Line tangential to top of femoral neck does not intersect femoral epiphysis |
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Blount's disease
- types - which is more common type - radiographic appearance - laterality - which causes pain - presentation, A/W |
Blounts disease = growth arrest at medial tibial plateau growth plate leading to tibia vara and deformity
Infantile type 8x MC than adolescent type (8-15 years) Radiographs: - Varus deformity at knee - downsloping tibial plateau - osseus excrescence arising from medial aspect of tibia in infantile type 50-75% BL infantitle, 10% BL adolescent Adolescent presents with pain Infantile A/W early walking obese toddlers |
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Chondroblastoma
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Age 5-25 years
Benign, but aggressive appearing Well defined lytic lesion centered within epiphysis or apophysis Matrix in 20-50% Sclerotic rim Marked edema DDx: - Chondroblastoma - EG - ABC - GCT - Osteo |
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Morton's neuroma
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Mechanically-induced neuropathic degenrative change in the 3rd common digital nerve
Tear drop shaped enhancing mass between the 3rd and 4th metatarsal heads A/W high-heeled shoes |
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Diffusely dense bones
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Osteopetrosis
Renal osteodystrophy Pycnodysostosis - lysosomal storage disease - obtuse mandibular angle Hypoparathyroidism Fluorosis |
