Losses Associated With Areas Of Infarct

Front 1

Paresis

Back 1

Primary Motor Area M1

Front 2

Spasticity

Back 2

Primary Motor Area M1

Front 3

Multi-joint movement difficulty

Back 3

Primary Motor Area M1

Front 4

Loss of fractionation of movement

Back 4

Primary Motor Area M1

Front 5

Loss of rhythmic movements

Back 5

Primary Motor Area M1

Front 6

Inability to adapt to demands of the task.

Back 6

Primary Motor Area M1

Front 7

Loss of reflex modulation

Back 7

Primary Motor Area M1

Front 8

Loss of postural set in preparation of movement

Back 8

SMA and PM cortices

Front 9

Difficulty/loss of movement sequencing

Back 9

SMA and PM cortices

Front 10

Paresis of proximal musculature

Back 10

SMA and PM cortices

Front 11

Deficits in motor planning

Back 11

SMA and PM cortices

Front 12

Deficits in motor planning

Back 12

SMA and PM cortices

Front 13

Decision making difficulties

Back 13

SMA and PM cortices

Front 14

Deficits in bimanual coordination

Back 14

SMA and PM cortices

Front 15

Movement akinesis

Back 15

SMA and PM cortices

Front 16

Difficulty with memorized movements (internally generated sequential tasks)

Back 16

Supplementary Motor Area SMA

Front 17

Difficulty with visually guided movements

Back 17

Premotor Area PM

Front 18

Sensory loss

Back 18

Primary Somatosensory Area SI

Front 19

Sensory ataxia

Back 19

Primary Somatosensory Area SI

Front 20

Loss of correct feedback from/during movement

Back 20

Primary Somatosensory Area SI

Front 21

Disruption of center of gravity

Back 21

Primary Somatosensory Area SI

Front 22

Loss of sensory integration

Back 22

Primary Somatosensory Area SI

Front 23

Reaching and grasping affected: grip force appropriate to texture/weight of object; adaptation of hand aperture to object size

Back 23

Posterior Parietal (Areas 5 & 7)

Front 24

Loss of somatic sensory processing

Back 24

Posterior Parietal Area 5

Front 25

Loss of visual sensory processing

Back 25

Posterior Parietal Area 7

Front 26

Perceptual difficulties

Back 26

Posterior Parietal (Areas 5 & 7)

Front 27

Loss of stereognosis

Back 27

Posterior Parietal (Areas 5 & 7)

Front 28

Problems with visually guided movements

Back 28

Posterior Parietal (Areas 5 & 7) (Also Premotor PM)

Front 29

Hemianopia

Back 29

Posterior Parietal (Areas 5 & 7)

Front 30

Loss of motor memory, apraxia

Back 30

Posterior Parietal (Areas 5 & 7)

Front 31

Disruption of spatial relationship

Back 31

Posterior Parietal (Areas 5 & 7)

Front 32

Difficulty with early phases of motor learning, especially spatial

Back 32

Posterior Parietal Areas 5&7

Front 33

Difficulty with visual pursuit

Back 33

basal ganglia

Front 34

Poor habit formation

Back 34

basal ganglia

Front 35

Loss of sequencing

Back 35

basal ganglia, also SMA & PM

Front 36

Long Term Potentiation, Long Term Depression

Back 36

Cerebellum

Front 37

Task-specific reflex adaptations lost

Back 37

Cerebellum

Front 38

Loss of conditioned reflexes

Back 38

Cerebellum

Front 39

Impairment in ability to use prior knowledge for movement adaptations

Back 39

Cerebellum

Front 40

Primary Motor Area

Back 40

Paresis, spastic condition, difficulties w/multi-joint movements, loss of fractionation, loss of rhythmic movements, inability to adapt to demands of task, loss of reflex modulation.

Front 41

Supplementary (SMA) and Premotor (PM) areas

Back 41

Difficulties with postural set, sequencing, paresis of proximal musculature, deficits in motor planning, temporal difficulties, decision making difficulties, deficits in bimanual coordination, movement akinesis

Front 42

Primary somatosensory (S1)

Back 42

Sensory loss, sensory ataxia, loss of correct feedback from movement, sensory integration loss

Front 43

Posterior Parietal (Areas 5&7)

Back 43

Reaching & grasping difficulties (grip force w/texture,weight, etc.; hand aperture to object size), Perceptual difficulties, loss of stereognosis, problems with/loss of visually guided movements, Hemianopsia, loss of motor memory, apraxia, spatial relationship disruption

Front 44

Loss of learned sequenced movements that are initiated by sensory cuing.

Back 44

Premotor Cortex (PM)

Front 45

Does not respond to visual cuing well

Back 45

Premotor Cortex (PM)

Front 46

Cerebellum

Back 46

Long term potentiation/depression, task-specific reflex adaptations lost, loss of conditioned reflexes, impairment in ability to use preior knowledge for movement adaptations