Looking Inside Cells

Front 1

Organelle

Back 1

Meaning: They are tiny cells structures that carry out specific functions within the cell.

Front 2

Cell Wall

Back 2

Meaning: A rigid layer of nonliving material that surrounds the cells of plants and some other organisms.A plant's cell wall helps to protect and support the cell.

Facts:
Animal cells do not have cell walls.
Although cell walls are tough materials like water and oxygen can pass through it easily.

Front 3

Cell Membrane

Back 3

Meaning: A cell structure that controls what substances come into and out of a cell. A cell membrane forms the outside boundary that separates the cell from its environment.

Facts:
All cells have cell membranes.
The cell membrane is located just inside the cell wall.
Everything the cell needs, from food to oxygen, enters the cell through the cell membrane.

Example:
The cell membrane is a screen that allows air to enter and leave room, but it keeps insects out.

Front 4

Nucleus

Back 4

Meaning: The cell's control center, directing all of the cell's activities. Contains nucleic acids.

Front 5

Nuclear Envelope

Back 5

Meaning: It protects the nucleus, materials pass in and out of the nucleus through pores in the nuclear envelope.

Front 6

Chromatin

Back 6

Meaning: A thin strand floating ahead in the nucleus. It contains genetic material which are the instructions for directing the cell's functions.

Example: The instructions in the chromatin ensure that leaf cells grow and divide to form more leaf cells.

Front 7

Nucleolus

Back 7

Meaning: It is where ribosomes are made.

Front 8

Cytoplasm

Back 8

Meaning: It is the region between the cell membrane and the nucleus. The fluid in the cytoplasm is constantly moving.

Facts: Many cell organelles are found in the cytoplasm.

Front 9

Mitochondria

Back 9

Meaning: Mitochondria is a rod-shaped structure know as "powerhouses" of the cell because they convert energy in food molecules to energy the cell can use to carry out its functions.

Front 10

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Back 10

Meaning: A maze of passageways that carry proteins and other materials from one part of the cell to another.

Front 11

Ribosome

Back 11

Meaning: Ribosomes are attached to the endoplasmic reticulum and are small grain like bodies that function as factories to produce proteins.

Front 12

Golgi Body

Back 12

Meaning: They look like flattened sacs and tubes that are thought of the cell's mail room. Golgi Bodies receive proteins and other newly formed materials from the endoplasmic reticulum, package them, and distribute them to other parts of the cell. They also release materials outside of the cell.

Front 13

Chloroplast

Back 13

Meaning: Captures energy from the sunlight and use it to produce food for the cell.

Example: Choloplasts make leaves green.

Front 14

Vacuole

Back 14

Meaning: Storage areas of cells. Vacuoles store food and other material d needed by the cell. They can also store waste products.

Front 15

Lysosome

Back 15

Meaning: Small, round structures containing chemicals that break down certain materials in the cell.

Facts:
Lysosomes break down old cell parts and release the substances so they can be used again.
In this sense, you can think of lysosomes as the cell's cleanup crew.

Front 16

Specialized Cell

Back 16

Meaning: Cells that specialized to perform specific functions.

Front 17

Tissue

Back 17

Meaning: A group of similar cells that work together to perform a specific function.

Example: Your brain is mostly made of nervous tissue, which consists of nerve cells.

Front 18

Organ

Back 18

Meaning: Made of different kinds of tissues that function together.

Front 19

Organ System

Back 19

Meaning: An organ system is a group of organs that work together to perform a major function.

Example: Your brain is part of an organ system that directs body activities and processes.

Front 20

Bacterial Cell

Back 20

Meaning: Bacterial Cells have a cell wall and a cell membrane, it does not contain a nucleus. The bacterial cell's genetic material, which looks like a thick, tangled string, is found in the cytoplasm. Bacterial Cells contain ribosomes, but none of the other organelles found in plant or animal cells.

Fact: A Human skin cell is for example about ten times as large as an average bacterial cell.