Lom-Heart

Front 1

The inner layer of the heart —is made of smooth membranous tissue

Back 1

endocardium

Front 2

lines the interior of the heart and the heart valves.

Back 2

endocardium

Front 3

The thick middle layer of the heart wall is called the _______; it is composed of cardiac muscle

Back 3

myocardium

Front 4

The heart's outer layer is the

Back 4

epicardium

Front 5

The heart is encased in a loose-fitting sac called the

Back 5

pericardium

Front 6

The pericardium consists of a thin sheet of tissue called the ____and an outer fibrous portion.

Back 6

the serous membrane

Front 7

adheres to the heart's surface and an outer layer

Back 7

the visceral pericardium

Front 8

lines the heart's outer fibrous coat.

Back 8

the parietal pericardium

Front 9

The space between the visceral and parietal layers contains

Back 9

pericardial fluid

Front 10

divides the right and left atria

Back 10

interatrial septum

Front 11

separates the right and left ventricles.

Back 11

interventricular septum

Front 12

connects the right atrium and the right ventricle

Back 12

tricuspid valve

Front 13

connects the left atrium and left ventricle

Back 13

the mitral or bicuspid valve

Front 14

Together the tricuspid and mitral valves are known as the

Back 14

the atrioventricular (AV) valves

Front 15

located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery.

Back 15

The pulmonary valve

Front 16

connects the left ventricle and the aorta.

Back 16

aortic valve

Front 17

These two valves—the pulmonary and the aortic—are called the

Back 17

semilunar valves

Front 18

This circuit that the blood follows from the heart to the body's tissues and back is called the

Back 18

systemic circulation.

Front 19

describes the blood's route from the heart, through the lungs —where it's oxygenated —and back to the heart.

Back 19

pulmonary circulation

Front 20

receives venous blood from the inferior and superior venae cavae

Back 20

The right atrium

Front 21

blood flows through the tricuspid valve to the

Back 21

right ventricle.

Front 22

the blood is passed from the right ventricle through the

Back 22

pulmonary valve

Front 23

the only artery through which oxygen-poor blood flows.

Back 23

The pulmonary artery

Front 24

are the only veins through which oxygenated blood flows

Back 24

The pulmonary veins

Front 25

how the heart, itself, is supplied with blood

Back 25

right and left coronary arteries a pair of arteries that branch from the aorta which is the largest artery in the body.

Front 26

The right coronary artery and its branches supply the

Back 26

right atrium, the right ventricle, and a portion of the left ventricle

Front 27

The left coronary artery and its branches supply the

Back 27

left atrium, the left ventricle, and a portion of the right ventricle.

Front 28

pumping activity occurs during a two-phase process called the

Back 28

cardiac cycle

Front 29

is the phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart contracts

Back 29

Systole

Front 30

is the period during which the heart relaxes between contractions.

Back 30

Diastole

Front 31

The force of the blood being ejected from the heart causes a regular expansion and contraction of the arterial walls, called

Back 31

the pulse

Front 32

referred to as the heart's pacemaker since it begins the heartbeat.

Back 32

sinoatrial node (SA node),

Front 33

Normal sinus rhythm is heart rhythm generated by the sinoatrial node (SA node),

Back 33

Normal sinus rhythm

Front 34

The wave of conduction begins at the

Back 34

sinoatrial (SA) node

Front 35

Where is the sinoatrial (SA) node located

Back 35

in the right atrial wall near the superior vena cava

Front 36

a small mass of cardiac muscle tissue located in the right atrium near the ventricle

Back 36

atrioventricular (AV) node

Front 37

any condition of deviation from the normal rhythmic pattern of the heartbeat.

Back 37

arrhythmia, or dysrhythmia

Front 38

occurs when there is a delay or interruption in conduction of the electrical impulse between the atria and the ventricles—or more specifically, a failure of conduction from the SA node through the AV node to the AV bundle.

Back 38

Heart block, also called atrioventricular block, or AV block,

Front 39

type of dysrhythmia characterized by rapid, but regular, contractions of the atria or ventricles.

Back 39

Flutter

Front 40

the heart rate can range from 350 to 600 beats per minute. These are felt as uncomfortable sensations in the chest called palpitations.

Back 40

atrial fibrillation (AF),

Front 41

two kinds of atrial fibrillation AF

Back 41

paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, permanent or persistent AF

Front 42

the rapid contraction of the ventricles reflects a complete lack of organized electrical activity.

Back 42

ventricular fibrillation (VF),

Front 43

increase in the heart rate, typically to more than 100 beats per minute

Back 43

tachycardia

Front 44

occur earlier than expected in the heart's conduction sequence and originate outside of the sinoatrial node.

Back 44

Premature atrial contractions (PACs)

Front 45

an electrical impulse, arising from a place other than the SA node, causes the ventricles to contract before the normal time.

Back 45

premature ventricular contractions (PVCs)

Front 46

is a type of congenital abnormality characterized by a narrowing of that artery

Back 46

Coarctation of the aorta

Front 47

oxygenated blood is allowed to flow from the aorta into the pulmonary artery through a small passageway or duct, the ductus arteriosus, which normally closes after birth.

Back 47

patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)

Front 48

abnormal openings in the walls (septa) that separate the atria and ventricles, may also occur as the result of arrested development.

Back 48

Septal defects

Front 49

is a congenital malformation of the heart consisting of four distinct defects

Back 49

Tetralogy of Fallot

Front 50

constriction of the pulmonary artery; an aperture, or opening, in the interventricular septum; a shifting of the aorta to the right

Back 50

stenosis,

Front 51

enlargement, of the right ventricle. Infants with this disease have been called "blue babies" because of extreme cyanosis and hypoxia

Back 51

hypertrophy

Front 52

an absence (an-) of oxygen in tissues.

Back 52

anoxia

Front 53

condition that occurs when the pulmonary artery arises from the left ventricle and the aorta from the right ventricle.

Back 53

transposition of the great vessels,

Front 54

Left ventricular hypertrophy
development of the left ventricle can result from

Back 54

hypertensive heart disease (HHD)

Front 55

Diastolic CHF occurs

Back 55

with right ventricular failure (less blood is pumped into the heart).

Front 56

Systolic CHF occurs

Back 56

with left ventricular failure, which is defective ventricular emptying (less blood pumped from the heart) during systole.

Front 57

occur when the heart's pumping action fails; shock is properly defined as circulatory failure that deprives the body access to adequate oxygen and nutrition.

Back 57

Cardiogenic shock

Front 58

inflammation (-itis) of the pericardium—the double-layer sac or structure (-ium) that surrounds and encloses (peri-) the heart, may be caused by viral or bacterial infection.

Back 58

Pericarditis

Front 59

is inflammation of the inner lining of the heart

Back 59

endocarditis

Front 60

a series of symptoms that are consequences of plaque rupturing in the coronary arteries.

Back 60

acute coronary syndrome (ACS)

Front 61

heart attack

Back 61

myocardial infarction (MI),

Front 62

formation of fatty plaque deposits along the inner lining of the coronary arteries

Back 62

Atherosclerosis

Front 63

the blocking of a coronary artery by a blood clot

Back 63

thrombotic occlusion

Front 64

the dilation, or ballooning of a weakened portion of an arterial wall.

Back 64

aneurysm

Front 65

involves the progressive narrowing and eventual obstruction of the arteries, particularly those carrying blood to the legs, arms, kidneys, and other organs. Its leading cause is atherosclerosis.

Back 65

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD)

Front 66

also known as arteriospastic disease, is a condition characterized by intermittent attacks of ischemia that cause constriction and vasospasm in the arterioles in the skin

Back 66

Raynaud disease (

Front 67

sometimes called thrombophlebitis, is inflammation of a

Back 67

Phlebitis

Front 68

blood clot, or thrombus, is formed in a large vein

Back 68

deep vein thrombosis