Lom Chapter 18 Vocab

Front 1

adrenal cortex

Back 1

Outer section (cortex) of each adrenal gland; secretes cortisol, aldosterone, & sex hormones. )

Front 2

adrenal medulla

Back 2

Inner section (medulla) of each adrenal gland; secretes epinephrine & norepinephrine. (catecholamines - chemicals derived from amino acids)

Front 3

ovaries

Back 3

2 small glands located in the lower abdomen of a female; responsible for egg production and estrogen & progesterone secretion.

Front 4

pancreas

Back 4

Located behind the stomach. Islet (alpha & beta) cells (islets of Langerhans) secrete hormones from the pancreas. The pancreas also contains cells that are exocrine in function. They secrete enzymes, via a duct in the small intestine to aid digestion

Front 5

parathyroid glands

Back 5

4 small glands on the posterior of the thyroid gland. Some patients may have 3 or 5 parathyroid glands.

Front 6

pituitary gland
(hypophysis)

Back 6

Located at the base of the brain in the sella turcica; composed of an anterior lobe (adenohypophysis) & a posterior lobe (neurohypophysis). It weighs only 1/16 of an oz & is 1/2 inch across.

Front 7

testes

Back 7

2 glands enclosed in the scrotal sac of a male; responsible for sperm production & testerone secretion.

Front 8

thyroid gland

Back 8

Located in the neck on either side of the trachea; secretes thyroxine.

Front 9

adrenaline (epinephrine)

Back 9

Secreted by the adrenal medulla; increases heart rate & blood pressure.

Front 10

adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Back 10

Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland (adenohypophysis); also called adrenocorticotropin. ACTH stimulates the adrenal cortex.

Front 11

aldosterone

Back 11

Secreted by the adrenal cortex; increases salt (sodium) reabsorption.

Front 12

androgen

Back 12

Male hormone secreted by the testes & to a lesser extent by the adrenal cortex; testosterone is an example.

Front 13

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Back 13

Secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland (neurohypophysis). ADH (vasopressin) increases reabsorption of water by the kidney.

Front 14

calcitonin

Back 14

Secreted by the thyroid gland; decreases blood calcium levels.

Front 15

cortisol

Back 15

Secreted by the adrenal cortex; increases blood sugar. It is secreted in times of stress and has an anti-inflammatory effect.

Front 16

epinephrine (adrenaline)

Back 16

Secreted by the adrenal medulla; increases heart rate & blood pressure and dilates airways (sympathomimetic). It is part of the body's "fight or flight" reaction.

Front 17

estradiol

Back 17

Estrogen (female hormone) secreted by the ovaries.

Front 18

estrogen

Back 18

Female hormone secreted by the ovaries & to a lesser extent by the adrenal cortex. Examples are estradiol & extrone.

Front 19

follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Back 19

Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland (adenohypophysis). FSH stimulates hormone secretion & egg production by the ovaries & sperm production by the testes.

Front 20

glucagon

Back 20

Secreted by alpha islet cells of the pancreas; increases blood sugar by conversion of glycogen (starch) to glucose.

Front 21

growth hormone (GH); somatotropin

Back 21

Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland (adenohypophysis); stimulates growth of bones & soft tissues.

Front 22

insulin

Back 22

Secreted by beta islet cells (Latin - insula = island) of the pancreas. Insulin lowers blood sugar by transport & conversion of glucose to glycogen (starch).

Front 23

luteinizxing hormone (LH)

Back 23

Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland (adenohypophysis); stimulates ovulation in females & testosterone secretion in males.

Front 24

norepinephrine

Back 24

Secreted by the adrenal medulla; increases heart rate & blood pressure (sympathomimetic). Nor- in chemistry means a parent compound from which another is derived.

Front 25

oxytocin (OT)

Back 25

Secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland (neurohypophysis); stimulates contraction of the uterus during labor & childbirth.

Front 26

parathormone (PTH)

Back 26

Secreted by the parathyroid glands; increases blood calcium.

Front 27

progesterone

Back 27

Secreted by the ovaries; prepares the uterus for pregnancy.

Front 28

prolactin (PRL)

Back 28

Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland (adenohypophysis); promotes milk secretion.

Front 29

somatotropin (STH)

Back 29

Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland (adenohypophysis); growth hormone.

Front 30

testosterone

Back 30

Male hormone secreted by the testes.

Front 31

thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH); thyrotropin

Back 31

Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland (adenohypophysis). TSH acts on the thyroid gland to promote its functioning. TSH is not secreted by the thyroid gland.

Front 32

thyroxine (T4)

Back 32

Secreted by the thyroid gland; also called tetraiodothyronine. T4 increases metabolism in cells.

Front 33

vasopressin

Back 33

Secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland (neurohypophysis); antidiuretic hormone (ADH).

Front 34

catecholamines

Back 34

Hormones derived from an amino acid and secreted by the adrenal medulla. Epinephrine is a catecholamine.

Front 35

corticosteroids

Back 35

Hormones (steroids) produced by the adrenal cortex. Examples are cortisol (raises sugar levels), aldosterone (raises salt reabsorption by kidneys), and androgens & estrogens (sex hormones)

Front 36

electrolyte

Back 36

Mineral salt found in the blood and tissues and necessary for proper functioning of cells; potassium, sodium, and calcium are electrolytes.

Front 37

glucocorticoid

Back 37

Steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex; regulates glucose, fat, and protein metabolism. Cortisol raises blood sugar and is part of the stress response.

Front 38

homeostasis

Back 38

Tendency of an organism to maintain a constant internal environment.

Front 39

hormone

Back 39

Substance, secreted by an endocrine gland, that travels through the blood to a distant organ or gland where it influences the structure or function of that organ or gland.

Front 40

hypothalamus

Back 40

Region of the brain lying below the thalamus & above the pituitary gland. It secretes releasing factors & hormones that affect the pituitary gland.

Front 41

mineralocorticoid

Back 41

Steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex to regulate mineral salts (electrolytes) and water balance in the body. Aldosterone is an example.

Front 42

receptor

Back 42

Cellular or nuclear protein that binds to a hormone so that a response can be elicited.

Front 43

sella turcica

Back 43

Cavity in the skull that contains the pituitary gland.

Front 44

sex hormones

Back 44

Steroids (androgens & estrogens) produced by the adrenal cortex to influence male and female sexual characteristics.

Front 45

steroid

Back 45

Complex substance related to fats (derived from a sterol, such as cholesterol), & of which many hormones are made. Ex: estrogens, androgens, glucocorticoids & mineralocorticoids.

Front 46

sympathomimetic

Back 46

Pertaining to mimicking or copying the effect of the sympathetic nervous system. Adrenaline is a sympathomimetc hormone (it raises blood pressure & heart rate & dilates airways).

Front 47

target tissue

Back 47

Cells of an organ that are affected or stimulated by specific hormones.