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504 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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a-, an-
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no, not, without
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abdomen
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region below the chest containing internal organs (liver, intestines, stomach, gallbaldder, etc)
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abdomin/o
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abdomen
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abdominal
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pertaining to the abdomen
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Abdominal cavity
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space below the chest containing the stomach, small and large intestines, spleen, pancreas, liver and gallbladder; also called the abdomen
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abdominocentesis
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remove fluid from the abdomen
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abdominopelvic cavity
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abdominal and pelvic cavities
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-ac
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pertaining to
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achondroplasia
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bones of the arms and legs fail to grow to normal size; most common type of dwarfism
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acr/o
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extremities, top, extreme point
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acromegaly
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enlargement of the extremities
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acrophobia
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fear of heights
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acu/o
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sharp, severe, sudden
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acute
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diseas of rapid onset, sever symptoms and brief duration
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aden/o
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gland
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aden/o
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gland
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adenitis
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inflammation of a gland
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adenoids
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resembling glands
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adenoma
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tumor of a gland
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adenopathy
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disease of the glands
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adip/o
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fat
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adipose
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full of fat
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adipose tissue
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collection of fat cells
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agor/a
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marketplace
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-al
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pertaining to
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-algia
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pain
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amni/o
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amnion (sac surrounding the embryo in the uterus)
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amniocentesis
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removal of fluid from the amnion
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ana-
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up
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anabolic
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relating to anabolism
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anabolism
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process of building up complex materials from simple materials
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anemia
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blood condition of low numbers
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angi/o
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vessel
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angiogenesis
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development of new blood vessels
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angiography
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process of recording vessels
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angioplasty
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surgical repair of the blood vessel
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anter/o
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front
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anterior (ventral)
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front side of the body
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-ar
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pertaining to
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arteri/o
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artery
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arteriole
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small artery
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arteriosclerosis
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hardening of the arteries
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arthr/o
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joint
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arthralgia
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pain in the joint
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arthritis
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inflammation of a joint
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-ary
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pertaining to
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atrophy
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shrinkage of cells
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auto-
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self
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autopsy
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viewing by one's self
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axill/o
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armpit
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axillary
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pertaining to the armpit
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basophil
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granules stain blue with basic stain; play a role in inflammation
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bio/o
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life
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biology
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study of life
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biopsy
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viewing life
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blephar/o
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eyelid
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blepharoptosis
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drooping eyelid
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bol-
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to cast
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bol/o
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to cast (throw)
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bronch/o
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bronchial tubes
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bronchitis
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inflammation of the bronchial tubes
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carcin/o
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cancerous, cancer
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carcinogenesis
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condition of producing cancer
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carcinogenic
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pertaining to cancer
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carcinoma
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cancerous tumor
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cardi/o
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heart
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cardiac
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pertaining to the heart
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cardiology
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study of the heart
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cardiomyopathy
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disease condition of the heart muscle
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cartilage
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flexible connective tissue attached to bones at joints
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cata-
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down
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catabolism
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process of breaking down complex materials (foods) to form simpler substances and release energy
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-cele
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hernia
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cell membrane
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surrounds & protects the cell; determines what enters and leaves the cell
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-centesis
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surgical puncture to remove fluid
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cephal/o
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head
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cephalic
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pertaining to the head
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cerebr/o
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cerebrum - largest part of the brain
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cerebral
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pertaining to the cerebrum
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cervic/o
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neck (of the body or of the uterus)
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cervical
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pertaining to the neck
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cervical vertebra
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neck region, 7 cervical vertebra C1-C7
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chem/o
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drug, chemical
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chemotherapy
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treatment with chemicals
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chondr/o
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cartilage
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chondroma
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tumor of the cartilage
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chondromalacia
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softening of the cartilage
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chondrosarcoma
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malignant tumor of the cartilage
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chrom/o
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color
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chromosomes
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rod-like structures within the nucleus that contain regions of DNA; bodies of color
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chron/o
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time
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chronic
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pertaining to time
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circulatory system
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heart, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels and nodes, spleen, thymus gland
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cis/o
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to cut
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-coccus (-cocci)
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berry-shaped bacterium (plural: bacteria)
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coccyg/o
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coccyx (tailbone)
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coccygeal vertebra
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coccyx (tailbone) is a small bone composed of four fused pieces
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col/o
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colon (large intestine)
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colostomy
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making an opening from the colon to the outside of the body
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combining form
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combination of the root and the combining vowel
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combining vowel
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links the root to the suffix or the root to another root
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crani/o
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skull
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cranial
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pertaining to the skull
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cranial cavity
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brain, pituitary gland
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craniotomy
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process of cutting the skull
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crin/o
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secrete (to from and give out)
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cyst/o
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urinary bladder; a sac or a cyst (sac containing fluid)
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cystitis
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inflammation of the bladder
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cystocele
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occurs when part of the urinary bladder herinates through the vaginal wall due to weakened pelvic muscles - hernia in the bladder
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cystoscopy
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visual examination of the urinary bladder
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cyt/o
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cell
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-cyte
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cell
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cytology
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study of cells
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cytoplasm
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includes all material outside the nucleus and enclosed in the cell membrane
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deep
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away from the surface
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dermat/o
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skin
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dermatitis
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inflammation of skin
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dermatology
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study of the skin
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dermo/o
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skin
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dia-
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complete
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diagnosis
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state of complete knowledge
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diaphragm
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muscle separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities
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digestive system
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mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, intestines (small & large), liver, gallbladder, pancreas
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disk
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a pad of cartilage between vertebrae
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dist/o
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far, distant
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distal
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far from the point of attachment to the trunk or far from the beginning of a structure; pertaining to the distant
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DNA
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deoxyribonucleic acid - regulates the activities of the cell by its sequence on each chromosome
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dors/o
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back portion of the body
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dorsal (posterior)
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pertaining to the back
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-dynia
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pain
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-eal
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pertaining to
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-ectomy
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excision or removal
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electro/o
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electricity
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electrocardiogram
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record of electricity in the heart
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electroencephalogram
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record of electricity in the brain
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electroencephalograph
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instrument for recording electricity in the brain
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electroencephalography
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process of recording electricity in the brain
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-emia
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blood condition
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encephal/o
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brain
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endo-
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within
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endocrine gland
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secrete within
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endocrine system
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thyroid gland, pituitary gland, sex glands, adrenal glands, pancreas, parathryoid glands
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endocrinologist
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one who specializes in internal secretions
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endocrinology
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study of internal secretions
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endoplasmic reticulum
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a network of canals within the cell
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endoscope
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instrument for visual examination within the body
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endoscopy
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visually examining within
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enter/o
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intestines (usually the small intestines)
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enteritis
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inflammation of the intestines
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enteropathy
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disease of the intestines
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eosinophil
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granules stain red with acidic stain; active & elevated in allergic conditions such as asthma
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epi-
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above, upon
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epidermis
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above the dermis
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epigastric
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above the stomach
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epigastric region
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region above the stomach
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epithelial cell
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skin cells that cover the external body surface and line the internal surfaces of organs
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-er
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one who
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erythr/o
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red
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erythrocyte
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red cell
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erythropenia
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deficiency in the number of red blood cells
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ex-
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out
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excision
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process of cutting out
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exo-
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out
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exocrine glands
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secrete out
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frontal (coronal) plane
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vertical plane dividing the body or structure into anterior and posterior portions
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gastr/o
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stomach
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gastrectomy
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removal of the stomach
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gastric
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pertaining to the stomach
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gastroenterology
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study of the condition of the stomach
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gastrotomy
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process of cutting into the stomach
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genes
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regions of DNA within each chromosomes
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-genesis
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condition of producing, forming
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-genic
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pertaining to producing, produced by, or produced in
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-globin
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family of proteins
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glyc/o
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sugar
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gnos/o
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knowledge
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-gram
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record
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-graph
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instrument for recording
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-graphy
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process of recording
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gynec/o
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woman, female
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gynecologist
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one who specializes in women
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gynecology
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study of woman
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hem/o
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blood
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hemat/o
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blood
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hematology
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study of blood
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hematoma
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mass of blood
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hemoglobin
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blood protein
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hemolysis
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breakdown of red blood cells
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hemostasis
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stopping blood flow
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hepat/o
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liver
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hepatitis
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inflammation of the liver
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hepatoma
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tumor of the liver
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hernia
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protrusion of an organ or the muscular wall of an organ through the cavity that normally contains it
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hiatal hernia
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occurs when the stomach protrudes upward into the mediastinum through the esophageal opening in the diaphragm
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hist/o
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tissue
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histologist
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scientist who specializes in the study of tissues
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hydr/o
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water, fluid
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hydronephrosis
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dilation of the pelvis and calices of one or both kidneys
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hydrotheraphy
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treatment with water
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hyper-
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excessive, above, more than normal
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hyperglycemia
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above normal sugar
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hypertrophy
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over development
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hypo-
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deficient, below, under, less than normal
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hypochondriac regions
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two upper right and left regions below the cartilage of the ribs that extend over the abdomen
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hypodermic
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under the skin
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hypogastric
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below the stomach
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hypogastric region
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lower middle region below the umbilical region
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hypoglycemia
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below normal sugar
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-ia
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condition
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-iac
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pertaining to
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iatr/o
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treatment
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iatrogenic
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produced by the treatment
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-ic
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pertaining to
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-ical
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pertaining to
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ili/o
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ilium (part of the pelvic bone)
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iliac
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pertaining to the ilium
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in-
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into, in
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incision
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process of cutting into
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inferior
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below another surface
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inguin/o
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groin
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inguinal
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pertaining to the groin
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inguinal hernia
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occurs when part of the intestine protrudes downward into the groin region and commonly into the scrotal sac in the male
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inguinal regions
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two lower right and left regions near the groin, which is the area where the legs join the trunk of the body
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inter-
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between
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intervertebral
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pertaining to between the vertebrae
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-ion
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process
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-ior
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pertaining to
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isch/o
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to hold back
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ischemia
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hold back blood
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-ism
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process
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-ist
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one who specializes in a field of medicine
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-itis
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inflammation
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kary/o
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nucleus
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karyotype
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picture of the nucleus
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lapar/o
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abdomen, abdominal wall
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laparoscope
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instrument for visual examination of the abdomen
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laparoscopy
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process of visual examination of the abdomen
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laparotomy
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to cut into the abdominal wall
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laryng/o
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larynx (voice box)
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laryngeal
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pertaining to the larynx
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laryngectomy
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removal of the larynx
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larynx
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voice box; located at the upper part of the trachea
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later/o
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side
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lateral
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pertaining to the side
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left upper quadrant (LUQ)
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contains teh liver (left lobe), sotomach, spleen, part of the pancreas, parts of the small and large intestines
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leuk/o
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white
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leukemia
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condition of the white blood cells
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leukocyte
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white cell
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leukocytosid
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increase in white blood cells
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-logy
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study of
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lumb/o
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lower back (side and back between the ribs and the pelvis)
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lumbar regions
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two middle right and left regions near the waist
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lumbar vertebra
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loin (wasit) or flank region (between the ribs and the hipbone). Five lumbar vertebra (L1-L5)
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lumbosacral
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relating to the lumbar vertebrae and the sacrum
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lungs
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where the exchange of gases takes place
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lymph/o
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lymph
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lymphocyte
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fight disease by producing antibodies and thus destroying foreign cells
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-lysis
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breakdown, destruction, separation
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-malacia
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softening
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mamm/o
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breast
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mammogram
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record of the breast
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mast/o
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breast
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mastectomy
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removal of a breast
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medi/o
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middle
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medial
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pertaining to the middle or nearer the medial plane of the body
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mediastinum
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centrally located space between the lungs
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-megaly
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enlargement
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meta-
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change
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metabolism
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the total of the chemical processes occurring in the cell
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metastasis
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beyond stopping
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midsagittal plane
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divides the body into right and left halves
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mitochondria
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small, sausage shaped bodies that produce energy by burning food in the presence of oxygen
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monocyte
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cells with one very large nucleus; engulf & destroy cellular debris after neutrophils have attacked foreign cells
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morph/o
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shape, form
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morphology
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study of the shape
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muc/o
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mucus
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mucous
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pertaining to mucous
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musculoskeletal system
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muscles, bones, and joints
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my/o
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muscle
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myalgia
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pain in the muscle
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myel/o
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spinal cord, bone marrow
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myelogram
|
record of the spinal cord
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myeloma
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malignant tumor of the bone marrow
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myoma
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benign tumor of the muscle
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myosarcoma
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malignant tumor of the muscle
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necr/o
|
death (of cells or whole body)
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necropsy
|
to view death
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necrosis
|
condition of death
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necrotic
|
pertaining to death; death of cells
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nephr/o
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kidney
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nephrectomy
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removal of the kidney
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nephritis
|
inflammation of the kidneys
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nephrologist
|
specialist in kidneys
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nephrology
|
study of the kidney
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nephropathy
|
condition of kidney disease
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nephroptosis
|
prolapse kidney
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nephrosis
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abnormal condition of the kidneys
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Nervous System
|
brain, spinal cord, nerves, and collection of nerves
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neur/o
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nerve
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neural
|
pertaining to the nerve
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neuralgia
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pain in the nerve
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nerological
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pertaining to the nerve
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neurology
|
study of nerves
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neutr/o
|
neutrophil (a white blood cell)
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neutropenia
|
deficiency of white blood cells
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neutrophil
|
granules stain blue & red (purple) with neutral stain; important disease-fighting cells. Phagocytes because they engulf & digest bacteria
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nucle/o
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nucleus
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nucleic
|
pertaining to the nucleus
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nucleus
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controls the operations of the cell
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-oid
|
resembling
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-ole
|
little, small
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-oma
|
tumor, mass, swelling
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omphalocele
|
a herniation of the intestines through the naval occuringin infants at birth
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onc/o
|
tumor
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oncologist
|
one who specializes in tumors
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oncology
|
study of tumors
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ophthalm/o
|
eye
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ophthalmology
|
study of the eyes
|
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ophthalmoscope
|
instrument for viewing the eye
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-opsy
|
process of viewing
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opthalmologist
|
one who specializes in the eyes
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-ose
|
pertaining to or full
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-osis
|
condition, usually abnormal
|
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oste/o
|
bone
|
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osteitis
|
inflammation of the bone
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osteoarthritis
|
degeneration of the bones & joints, accompained by inflammation
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osteogenic
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produced in bone
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osteomalacia
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softening of bone
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osteotomy
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process of cutting bone
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ot/o
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ear
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otalgia
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pain in the ear
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-ous
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pertaining to
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paracentesis
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removal of fluid from the abdomen
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path/o
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disease
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pathogenesis
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condition of producing disease
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pathogenic
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pertaining to disease
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pathological
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pertaining to disease
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pathologist
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one who specializes in disease
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pathology
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study of disease
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-pathy
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disease condition
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ped/o
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child
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pediatric
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treatment of children
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pelv/o
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hip, pelvic cavity
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pelvic
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pertaining to the hip or pelvic cavity
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Pelvic Cavity
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space below the abdomen containing portions of the small & large intestines, rectum, urinary bladder, urethra and ureters, uterus and vagina in the female
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-penia
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deficiency
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peri-
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surrounding, around
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pericardium
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membrane surrounding the heart
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peritone/o
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peritoneum
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peritoneal
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pertaining to the peritoneum
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peritoneoscopy
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laparascopy - visual examination of the abdomen
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peritoneum
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membrandes surrounding the organs in the abdomen
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phag/o
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to eat, swallow
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pharynx
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throat
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phleb/o
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vein
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phlebotomy
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to cut into the vein
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-phobia
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fear
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pituitary gland
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at the base of the brain; endocrine gland
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plas/o
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formation, development
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-plasia
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development, formation, growth
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-plasm
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formation
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-plasty
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surgical repair
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platelet
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clotting cell
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pleur/o
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pleura (membrane surrounding lungs and adjacent to chest wall muscles)
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pleura
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double-layered membrane surrouding each lung
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Pleural Cavity
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space between the pleural membranes and surrouding each lung
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pleurodynia
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pain in the chest wall muscle
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pneumon/o
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lungs
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pneumonia
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condition of the lungs
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polymorphonuclear leukocyte
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nuetrophils
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poster/o
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back, behind
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posterior (dorsal)
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pertaining to the back side of the body
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prefix
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small part that is attached to the beginning of a term
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pro-
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before, forward
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prognosis
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knowledge before
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prone
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lying on the belly
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prosim/o
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nearest
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proximal
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near the point of attachment to the trunk of near the beginning of a structure
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psycho/o
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mind
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psychiatrist
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one who specializes in the mind
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psychiatry
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diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders
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psychology
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study of the mind
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ptosis
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prolapse of the upper eyelid
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-ptosis
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dropping, sagging, prolapse
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pulmon/o
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lungs
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pulmonary
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pertaining to the lungs
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radi/o
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x-ray
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radiographer
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one who assists with x-ray
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radiology
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study of x-rays
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radiotheraphy
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treatment with radiology
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re-
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back, backward, again
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rect/o
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rectum
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rectocele
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hernia of the rectum
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ren/o
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kidney
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renal
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pertaining to the kidney
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Reproductive System
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female: ovaries, fallopian tubes, vagina, mammary glands; male: tests & associated tubes, urethra, penis, prostrate gland
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resection
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cutting back
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Respiratory System
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nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchial tubes, lungs
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retro-
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behind
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retrocardic
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pertaining to behind the heart
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rhin/o
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nose
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rhinitis
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study of the nose
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Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ)
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contains part of the small and large intestines, right ovary, right fallopian tube, appendix, right ureter
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root
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the foundation of the word
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sacro/o
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sacrum
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sacral
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pertaining to the sacrum
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sacral vertebra
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five bones (S1-S5) are fused to form one bone, the sacrum
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sagittal (lateral) plane
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lenthwise vertical plane dividing the body or structure into right and left sides
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sarc/o
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flesh
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sarcoma
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tumor of the flesh
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-sclerosis
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hardening
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-scope
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an instrument for visual examination
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-scopy
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process of visual examination
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sect/o
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to cut
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sex glands
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ovaries and testes
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-sis
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state of
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Skine & Sense Organs
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skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands; eye, ear, nose and tongue
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-somes
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bodies
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spin/o
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spine, backbone
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spinal
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pertaining to the spine or backbone
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Spinal Cavity
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space within the spinal column (backbones) and containing the spinal coard
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spinal column
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bone tissue surrounding the spinal cavity
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spinal cord
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nervous tissue within the spinal cavity
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splen/o
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spleen
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splenomegaly
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enlargement of the spleen
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staphyl/o
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clusters
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staphylococci
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berry-shaped bacterium in twisted chains
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-stasis
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stopping, controlling
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-stomy
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new opening (stoma)
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strept/o
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twisted chains
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streptococcui
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berry-shaped bacterium in clusters
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sub-
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below, under
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subhepatic
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pertaining to under the liver
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suffix
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word ending
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superficial
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on the surface
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superior
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above another structure
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supine
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lying on the back
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thel/o
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nipple
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-theraphy
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treatment
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thorac/o
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chest
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thoracentesis
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remove fluid from the chest
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thoracic
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pertaining to the chest
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Thoracic Cavity
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space in the chest containing the lungs, heart, esophagus, trachea, bronchial tubes, thymus gland, aorta
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thoracic vertebra
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chest region. Twelve thoracic vertebra (T1-T12). Each bone is joined to a rib
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thoracotomy
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process of cutting the chest
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thromb/o
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clot, clotting
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thrombocyte
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cells that help clot blood (platelets)
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thrombocytopenia
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deficiency of clotting cells
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thrombophlebitis
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inflammation of the veins
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thrombosis
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condition of clot formation
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thrombus
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actual clot that forms
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thyroid gland
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endocrine gland that surrounds the trachea in the neck
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-tic
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pertaining to
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-tomy
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process of cutting, incision
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tonsill/o
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tonsils
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tonsillitis
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inflammation of the tonsils
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trache/o
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trachea, windpipe
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trachea
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windpipe
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tracheal
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pertaining to the windpipe
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tracheostomy
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opening to form a mouth in the trachea
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trans-
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across, through
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transheptic
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through the liver
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transverse plane
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plane running across the body parallel to the ground (horizontal)
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-trophy
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develoment, nourishment
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-type
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classification or picture
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-ule
|
little, small
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-um, -ium
|
structure, tissue, thing
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umbilic/o
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naval, umbilicus
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umbilical
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pertaining to the navel
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umbilical region
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region of the naval or umbilicus
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ur/o
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urinary tract, urine
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ureters
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tubes from the kidneys to the urinary bladder
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urethra
|
tube from the bladder to the outside of the body
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Urinary or Exretory System
|
kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
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urologist
|
surgeon who operates on the organs of the urinary tract & the organs of the male reproductive system
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urology
|
study of the urinary tract
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uterus
|
womb
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ven/o
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vein
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vewntral (anterior)
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pertaining to the front
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ventro/o
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belly side of the body
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venule
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small vein
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vertebr/o
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vertebrae, backbones
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vertebra
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a single backbone
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vertebrae
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backbones
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vertebral
|
pertaining to the vertebrae
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viscer/o
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internal organs
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viscera
|
internal organs
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visceral
|
pertaining to the internal organs
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-y
|
process, condition
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superficial
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on the surface
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superior
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above another structure
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supine
|
lying on the back
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thel/o
|
nipple
|
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-theraphy
|
treatment
|
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thorac/o
|
chest
|
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thoracentesis
|
remove fluid from the chest
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thoracic
|
pertaining to the chest
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Thoracic Cavity
|
space in the chest containing the lungs, heart, esophagus, trachea, bronchial tubes, thymus gland, aorta
|
|
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thoracic vertebra
|
chest region. Twelve thoracic vertebra (T1-T12). Each bone is joined to a rib
|
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thoracotomy
|
process of cutting the chest
|
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thromb/o
|
clot, clotting
|
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thrombocyte
|
cells that help clot blood (platelets)
|
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thrombocytopenia
|
deficiency of clotting cells
|
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thrombophlebitis
|
inflammation of the veins
|
