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92 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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List the four sub regions of the Loire from west to east
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Nantais, Anjou- Saumur, Touraine, Central Vinyards
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List the ACs of the Nantais
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Muscadet, Muscadet Sevre-et-Maine, Muscadet cotes de grandlieu, Muscadet coteaux de la Loire
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List the ACs of Anjou-Saumur
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Anjou rouge, anjou villages, anjou villages brissac, anjou gamay, Anjou blanc, coteaux de layon, quarts de chaume, bonnezeaux, savennieres, Cabernet d'anjou, Rose d'anjou, Rose de Loire, Saumur rouge, Saumur blanc, Saumur-Champigny, Saumur- villages
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List the ACs of Touraine
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Touraine blanc, Touraine rouge, chignon, bourgueil, St nicholas de bourgueil, Vouvray, montlouis
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List the ACs of the central vineyards
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Sancerre, pouilly-fume, menetou-salon, reuilly, Quincy
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Name grapes used in Nantais
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Muscadet
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Name grapes used in Anjou-Saumur
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Red - Cabernet franc
White - Chenin blanc Rose - Grolleau, Cabernet franc, Gamay |
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Name grapes used in Touraine
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Red - Cabernet franc, Gamay, malbec
White - Chenin blanc, Sauvignon blanc |
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Name grapes used in central vineyards
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Red - Pinot Noir
White - Sauvignon blanc Rose - Pinot Noir |
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Describe the soils of the Loire
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Varied with tuff eau in parts of anjou-Saumur and Touraine
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Describe the soils of Muscadet
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Diverse but generally loose textured with good drainage and heat retention.
High in magnesium and Potassium. Top soils of clay, gravel and sand over sub soils of Gneiss, slate, granite and volcanic rock Generic Muscadet - silt and sand Muscadet coteaux de la Loire - Schist Muscadet cotes de grandlieu - more granite and schist |
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Describe the climate of Muscadet
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Cool, maritime, high rainfall
Winters are short, mild damp but can be harsh with freezing and spring frosts Early, dry growing season, warm sunshine |
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Describe the weather patterns of Muscadet
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Variable year to year
Spring frosts common Variable rainfall |
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State the grapes of Muscadet
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Muscadet (aka melon blanc)
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State the characteristics of the Muscadet grape
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Neutral white variety, green apple, grassy aromas
High acidity Ripens early and resistant to frost |
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State the location and size of Muscadet
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North west France, Loire valley
From mouth of Loire, south east of Nantes. 13,000 hectares. |
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State the topography of Muscadet
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Gently rolling hills along valley of Loire. Mainly south facing.
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State the locations of the subregions of Muscadet
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Sevre et maine: around the two rivers, south east of Nantes (3/4 of production)
Coteaux de la Loire: north Cotes de grandlieu: southwest Muscadet: whole region (small quantities only) |
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Comment on viticulture in Muscadet
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Traditionally goblet training but now wire training to allow machine harvesting
Canopy management techniques introduced to reduce vigour - Spring pruning and releasing in summer etc |
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What does the term sur lie mean in Muscadet?
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Bottled directly from cask or tank having spent to winter in contact with the lees without racking
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Which Muscadet appellations can use the sur Lie description?
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Sevre et main, coteaux de la Loire, cotes de grandlieu
Not basic Muscadet |
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What is the effect of lees contact?
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Increases flavour and leaves hint of carbon dioxide
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Comment on vinification in Muscadet
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Chaptalisation generally used
Fermentation traditionally in cask but now stainless steel Experiments with barrel fermentation, lees stirring and mall lactic fermentation Lees contact is frequent with bottling direct from tank at the domaine |
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Comment on the wine trade in Muscadet
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Large numbers of small producers but with consolidation happening
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Describe wine from Muscadet
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White, dry, slight carbon dioxide, light body, neutral or green fruit, grassy, high acidity, delicate and fresh, to drink hound ( not aged or oaked)
Sur lie gives more body and yeasty character |
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Describe classic food match for Muscadet
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Seafood, especially shellfish
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State location of Anjou -Saumur
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North west France, along the Loire Valley around the city of Angers to the town of Saumur, about 80km in length
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State the soils of Anjou-Saumur
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North west i.e. Anjou- Carboniferous rocks and slate
South east i.e. Saumur - Limestone including Tuffeau |
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State the appellations of Anjou -Saumur
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Anjou rouge
Anjou Gamay Anjou villages Anjou villages brissac Cabernet d'Anjou Rose d'Anjou Coteau du layon, Bonnezeaux, quarts de chaum, savennieres Saumur, Saumur- champigny, Saumur rouge, Saumur blanc, Saumur mousseaux |
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State the grapes used in Anjou-Saumur
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Red - Cabernet franc, Gamay
White - Chenin blanc Rose - Cabernet franc, Gamay, Grolleau |
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State the climate of Anjou-Saumur
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Cool maritime climate with some continental influence
Lower rainfall than Nantais only 500 mm annually Mild, damp winter Early spring, longer hot growing season (upto 40 degrees) |
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State the topography of Anjou -Saumur
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Flat, protected from wind and rain by forests of the vendee to south west
Loire river and tributaries create mesoclimates |
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State the weather of Anjou-Saumur
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Annual variations in frost and rainfall and humidity
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Comment on viticulture in Anjou -Saumur
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Harvesting for sweet wines by hand in tries, either botrytis affected or late harvest because of long ripening season
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Comment on vinification in Anjou-Saumur
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Stainless steel with some experimentation with barrel fermentation but little use of oak, malolactic, etc
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Saumur blanc
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Dry White wines made from Chenin blank, high acidity, green fruit, medium body
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Saumur rouge
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Dry red made from Cabernet franc in a light fruity style, light tannins, crisp acidity, medium to light body, served lightly chilled
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Saumur- champigny
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Dry red made from Cabernet franc in a light fruity style, light tannins, crisp acidity, medium to light body, served lightly chilled
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Coteaux de Saumur
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Sweet White wines made from chenin blanc in small quantities, either late harvest or botrytised
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Saumur Mousseux
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Sparkling White wine made from mainly Chenin blanc with small amount Chardonnay or Sauvignon blanc
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Cabernet de Saumur
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Dry Rose light wine made from Cabernet franc
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Rose d'Anjou
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Sweet, Rose made from Grolleau with some Cabernet franc and Gamay, drunk young
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Cabernet d'Anjou
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Sweet, high acid Rose wine made from Cabernet franc, long lived and ages well in bottle
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Anjou rouge
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Dry, light body, red, fruity, acidic, catch all appellation
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Anjou villages
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Areas of better quality Anjou rouge, dry, light, red, acidic, low tannins
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Anjou villages brissac
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Best area for Anjou rouge, immediately south of angers
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Anjou Gamay
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Red, dry wines produced from Gamay, light body, light tannins, fruity
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Anjou blanc
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Dry light body White made from Chenin blanc with high acidity and green apple flavours
Modern style also with fully ripe, late harvest grapes, matured in oak with partial malolactics, |
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State the location of coteaux du layon
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Steep slopes on 20km long strip o the right bank of the river layon as it flows into the Loire to the west of angers.
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Soils of coteaux du layon
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Variety Including slate
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Viticulture in coteaux du layon
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Hand harvest of botyrytisrd or fully ripe grapes in tries, max yield 30 hl per hectare
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Coteaux du layon
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Medium sweet White wine with high acidity, medium body made from Chenin Blanc either with botrytis or late harvest
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State the two sub appellations in coteaux du layon
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Bonnezeau, quarts de chaume
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Coteaux du layon villages
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Seven villages in this superior area on slate soils producing medium sweet White wines of high acidity from botrytis affected Chenin blanc
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Bonnezeau
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Enclave for sweet White wine production in coteau du layon.
Spread over three small hills Botrytis affected or late harvest grapes grown on steep slopes Age for 10-20 years in bottle |
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Quarts de chaume
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Small enclave in cotes du layon producing botrytised sweet White wine with high acidity from Chenin blanc, or grapes dried in the vine.
Long lasting in bottle 10-20 years Brown slate soil, southerly facing, high vine age, small yield Premium prices |
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Savennieres
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Dry White wines with high acidity made from Chenin blanc. Low yields, slate soils. Needs at least 10 years bottle age. No botyrytisrd because of wind which prevents humidity in more exposed vineyards.
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Price levels in Anjou Saumur
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Mostly medium priced except Rose which are inexpensive and coteaux du layon and sub appellations which can be upto premium prices
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State location and size of Touraine
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North West France, Loire Valley, centered on the town of Tours between Anjou-Saumur to the west and central vineywards to the east
Size 5000 hectares approx |
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State climate of Touraine
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Cool continental with warm summers and cold winters at eastern end, but more maritime due to atlantic influence at western end
Early spring growing season, avoids very hot summer temperatures and drought Moderate humidity 700 mm rain per year |
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State weather of Touraine
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Variable vintages
Approx 700 mm rain per year so not dry |
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State soils of Touraine
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Flint, sand, limestone along Loire and Cher rivers
Tuffeau - soft chalk into which caves are built |
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State grapes of Touraine
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Red - Cabernet Franc, Gamay, Malbec
White - Chenin Blanc, Sauvignon Blanc (Chardonnay) |
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Comment on viticulture in Touraine
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Dense planting at at least 4500 vines per hectare
Spraying aginst rot and mildew Mechanised harvesting |
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Comment on vinification in Touraine
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Chaptalisation is common, also malolactic fermentation used
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List the appellations of Touraine (6)
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Touraine, Chinon, Bourgueil, St Nicholas de Bourgueil, Vouvray, Montlouis
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State price ranges in Touraine
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Generic Touraine - inexpensive to medium
Vouvray high to premium Chinon etc mid to high price |
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State topography of Touraine
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Touraine is a plateau at 130 m above sea level split into two by the valley of the Loire (50m above sea level) with steep vally sides on either side
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State trade organisation in Touraine
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Many small growers but gradually reducing
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Touraine Rouge AC (Touraine Gamay)
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Dry red light fruity, acidic, medium body - made mainly from Gamay with cabernet franc, malbec (carbonic maceration)
Mainly from the eastern part of teh region |
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Touraine Blanc AC (Touraine Sauvignon)
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Dry white made mainly from Sauvignon blanc with little amounts of chenin blanc and chardonnay, mainly from east of region
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Touraine Mousseux AC
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Small production of sparkling wine from sauvignon blanc with smaller amounts of, chenin blanc and chardonnay
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Chinon AC
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Dry red wine made from Cabernet Franc - dry, light body, red, crisp acidity, low tannins, red fruit and vegetal flavours, served lightly chilled, oak maturation, age in bottle for a year or two to lose rustic nature but no more than five years - lead pencils is a classic description
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Characteristics of cabernet franc
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early ripening so more adapted to colder climate than cabernet sauvignon, rustic wines, fragrant, light body, red, light tannins, crisp acidity, red fruit and vegetal flavours, drink slightly chilled - may need a couple of yaers bottle age to lose rustic quality and develop complexity, but not more than 5 yaers in bottle
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Borgueil AC
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Dry light body red made from Cabernet franc - crisp acidity, red fruit and vegetal flavours, low tannins, can be oak matured and then bottle aged to lose rusticity, served lightly chilled
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State the location and soils of Chinon
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South bank of Loire around Chinon town - three soils: sandy soil in valley of teh Vienne, clay and gravel soils on plateau to north, limestone on slopes (best wine)
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State the location and topography of Borgeuil
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North bank of Loire, North of Chinon - south facing limestone slopes and a deep sand terrace above Loire
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State the location and topography of St Nicholas Borgeuil
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North bank of Loire, North of Chinon - south facing limestone slopes and a deep sand terrace above Loire
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St Nicholas de Bourgueil
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Dry light body red made from Cabernet franc - crisp acidity, red fruit and vegetal flavours, low tannins, can be oak matured and then bottle aged to lose rusticity, served lightly chilled
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Name the central vineyards
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Sancerre, Pouilly-fume, menetou-salon, Reuilly, Quincy
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State the location of the central vineyards of the loire
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North/Central France in Loire Valley
Sancerre, pouilly Fume on Valley of Loire as it turns westwards Menetou-Salon, Reuilly, Quincy - south west of Sancerre along tributaries of river Cher |
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State the location and size of Vouvray - nb make sure cover vouvray!!
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North east of Tours along left bank of loire
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State the topography of Sancerre
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Dramatic hilltop surrounded by rolling countryside and river valley. Hills at 200-400m above sea - vines on south facing terraces
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State the sub areas of soil types in Sancerre
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1. White western vineyards - clay and limestone (Kimmeridgean) esp in Chavignol - powerful wines
2. Between Chavignol and sancerre - gravel as well as limestone - delicate wines 3. Near Sancerre itself - flint content high - longer living perfumed wines Generally soils described as chalky limestone with outcrops of flint |
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State the climate of Sancerre
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Continental with hot summers and cold winters
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State the weather of Sancerre
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Less variable but liable to spring frosts although teh river moderates temperature fluctuations
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State the grapes of Sancerre
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White - sauvignon blanc
Red (small volumes) - pinot noir |
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Viticulture in Sancerre
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Cordon or single guyot training
Modern winery practice Measures to reduce vigour required |
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Vinification in Sancerre
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Modern wineries
Little or no oak used Drink within 2-3 years |
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Sancerre white wine
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Dry, white, medium body, acidic, no tannins, green fruit, gooseberries, nettles, grassy, herbaceous - no oak, drink young
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Classic Sancerre Food matching
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Crottin de Chavignol - local goats cheese
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Sancerre wine styles
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white - most common
red - pinot noir, light style - low quantity rose - pinot noir - light style - low quantity |
