Logical Fallacies

Front 1

Affirming the consequent

Back 1

assuming or asserting the converse of something to be true
"All humans are mortal. Anna is mortal. Therefore she is a human."

Front 2

Anonymous authority

Back 2

attributing an assertion to an unnamed source

Front 3

Argumentum ad baculum

Back 3

threatening one's opponent, explicitly or implicitly, rather than addressing his or her argument

Front 4

Argumentum ad hominem

Back 4

attacking an opponent's person rather than his or her assertions

Front 5

Bandwagon fallacy

Back 5

asserting that a position must be true because a majority of people believe it to be true

Front 6

Begging the question

Back 6

an argument in which the premise presupposes the conclusion

Front 7

Cum hoc ergo propter hoc

Back 7

asserting or implying that because two events occur concurrently they share a cause

Front 8

False dilemna

Back 8

Unreasonably reducing an argument to only two choices

Front 9

Gambler's fallacy

Back 9

asserting that past events will affect future events when dealing with random activities, such as many gambling games

Front 10

Hasty generalization

Back 10

leaping to a broad conclusion from inadequate or faulty evidence

Front 11

Loki's wager

Back 11

unreasonably insisting that an issue cannot be defined, or, therefore, discussed

Front 12

Non sequitur

Back 12

producing a conclusion that does not follow from the premises preceding it

Front 13

Oversimplification

Back 13

supplying neat and easy explanations for large and complicated phenomena

Front 14

Post hoc ergo propter hoc

Back 14

assuming that because B follows A, B was caused by A

Front 15

Red Herring

Back 15

inclusion of irrelevant assertions in an argument in order to distract from the primary argument

Front 16

Slippery slope

Back 16

Following an action's consequences to unreasonable conclusions

Front 17

Straw Man

Back 17

Misrepresenting the position of an opponent as one that is easier to defeat

Front 18

Unrepresentative sample

Back 18

Drawing a conclusion from the testimony of a biased sample