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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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1. Person A makes claim X
2. Person B attacks Person A 3. Therefore claim X is wrong |
Ad Hominem
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Type of fallacy involving a personal attack
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Ad Hominem
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Bill: I believe abortion is morally wrong
Dave: Of course you would say that, you're a priest Bill: What about the arguments I gave to support my position? Dave: Those don't count. Like I said, you're a priest, so you have to say that abortion is wrong. Further, you're just a lackey to the Pope, so I can't believe what you say. |
Ad Hominem
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1. Person A makes claim X
2. Person B asserts that Person A's actions or past claims are inconsistent with the truth of claim X 3. Therefore claim X is wrong |
Tu Quoque
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Bill: Smoking is very unhealthy and leads to all sorts of problems. So take my advice and never start.
Jill: Well I certainly don't want to get cancer. Bill: I'm going to get a smoke. Want to join me Jill? Jill: Well, I guess smoking can't be that bad. After all, Bill smokes. |
Tu Quoque
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Jill: I think the gun control bill should be supported because it won't be effective and will waste money.
Bill: Well, just last month you supported the bill, so I guess you're wrong now. |
Tu Quoque
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Peter: Based on the arguments I have presented, it is evident that it is morally wrong for people to use animals for food or clothing.
Bill: But you're wearing a leather jacket and you have a roast beef sandwich in your hand! How can you say that using animals for food and clothing is wrong! |
Tu Quoque
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1. Person A is (claimed to be) an an authority on subject S
2. Person A makes claim C about subject S 3. Therefore C is true |
Appeal to Authority
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Bill: I believe abortion is morally acceptable. After all, a woman should have a right to her own body.
Jill: I disagree completely. Dr. John Skarn says that abortion is always morally wrong. He has to be right; after all, he is a respected expert in his field. Bill: I've never heard of Dr. Skarn. Who is he? Jill: He's the guy who won the Nobel prize in physics for his work on cold fusion. Bill: I see. Does he have any expertise in morality or ethics? Jill: I don't know. But he's a world-famous expert, so I believe him. |
Appeal to Authority
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Dave: I don't see how you can think Stalin was such a great leader. He killed millions of his own people, he crippled the Soviet economy, kept most of the people in fear, and laid the foundations for the violence that is occurring in Eastern Europe.
Kintaro: Yeah, well you say that. However, I have a book at home that says that Stalin was acting in the best interest of his people. The millions that were killed were vicious enemies of the state and they had to be killed to protect the rest of the peaceful citizens. This book lays it all out, so it has to be true. |
Appeal to Authority
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