Logic Test 1

Front 1

Sentence

Back 1

a string of words that conforms to grammatical rules, and which comprises a complete grammatical unit

Front 2

statement

Back 2

what a sentance expresses when it is used to claim something, the expressed claim being either true or false.

Front 3

argument

Back 3

a set of statements in which there is an attempt to prove one of them, using the other(s) as reason(s) for it.

Front 4

Premise

Back 4

the statement(s) in an argument that are offered as reasons.

Front 5

Conclusion

Back 5

the statement in an argument that the premise(s) are supposed to establish.

Front 6

premise/conclusion form

Back 6

an argument with its premise(s) and conclusion explicitly identified, the conclusion stated last, and the asymmetrical relation between premise(s) and conclusion exhibited.

Front 7

Asymmetrical Relation

Back 7

X is asymmetrically related to Y if and only if X's bearing that relation Y means that Y cannot bear that relation to X. An example of an asymmetrical relation is "is the mother of." Within a single (non-extended) argument, the relation of "is a reason for" (between premises and conclusion) is asymmetrical.

Front 8

Fallacy or Fallacious Argument

Back 8

An argument rendered defective by an error of reasoning.

Front 9

Premise Indicators

Back 9

words or phrases that frequently alert the reader (or listener) that a premise is being given.

Front 10

Conclusion Indicators

Back 10

Words or phrases that alert the reader (or listener) that the conclusion is being given.

Front 11

Extended (or complex) Argument

Back 11

a passage that contains two or more entwined (or interrelated) arguments. Although an extended argument is, strictly speaking, at least two arguments, it is called "an argument" because the arguments are interrelated, and ultimately aim at a single conclusion (the final one).

Front 12

Enthymeme

Back 12

an argument with either a premise or conclusion not explicitly stated.

Front 13

Suppressed Premise (or conclusion)

Back 13

the premise (or conclusion) that is unstated in an enthymeme.

Front 14

Simple Statement

Back 14

a statement that does not contain any component statement.

Front 15

Compound Statement

Back 15

a statement that contains at least one other compound statement.

Front 16

Conditional Statement

Back 16

a compound statement that is usually expressed by a sentence of the form "If x, then y" (where "x" and "y" are statement variables).

Front 17

Antecedent

Back 17

The part of a conditional statement that follows the word "if" (represented above as x).

Front 18

Consequent

Back 18

the part of a conditional statement that follows the word "then" (represented above as y).

Front 19

Explanation

Back 19

a statement or group of statements intended to shed light on some phenomenon that is usually accepted as a matter of fact; an attempt to show why something is true (rather than prove that it is true, as an argument).