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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Deductive
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Conclusion impossible to be false
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Inductive
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Giving a premise making the conclusion possible to be false
(analogy, generalization, authority, signs, causal inference) |
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Unsound
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Having a false premise working towards a working towards a true ` conclusion
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Cogent
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Strong a inductive argument
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Ad Populum
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apple to people
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Ad hominem
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against the person not the argument
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Straw man
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distortion of the argument
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Quantifies
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all no some
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Copula
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are, are not
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Conversion
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E I – Same truth Value
All A are B = All B are A |
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Obversion
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All same truth value
All A are B = No A are |
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Contrapositive
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– A O – Same truth value
All A are B = All non-B are non-A |
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Missing the Point
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– obvious
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Red Herring
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- subtly changing the argument to a related one
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Unqualified authority
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– Doctor talking about astronomy
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False cause
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– Premise doesn’t match conclusion
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Equivocation
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– Misuse of words
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Rule 1
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Middle term must be distributed at least once. (undistributed middle)
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Rule 2
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If term is distributed in the conclusion,then it must be distributed in a premise. (Illict major; Illict minor)
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Rule 3
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Two negative premises are not allowed. (Exclusive premises)
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Rule 4
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Negative premise requires a negative conclusion, vice versa.
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Rule 5
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If both premises are universal then conclusion can not be particular. (existential fallacy)
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