Logic

Front 1

Misuse of language with more than one meaning.

Back 1

Ambiguity

Hint 1

President Clinton should have been impeached only if he had sexual relations with Monica Lewinsky.
He did not have sexual relations with Lewinsky.
Therefore, he should not have been impeached.

(more general terms)

Front 2

Argument based on appeal to an expert when out of his
field of expertise.

Back 2

False authority

Hint 2

I'm not a doctor, but I play one on TV

Front 3

("Peer Pressure") Appeal to the herd mentality, xenophobia.

Back 3

Ad Populum

Hint 3

"Since 88% of the people polled believed in UFOs, they must exist."

Front 4

Believing that things are (or will be) some way simply
because that is how you wish things to be.

Back 4

Wishful thinking

Hint 4

I believe I'll win the lottery, so I will.

Front 5

Argument based on the assumption that there are fewer
alternatives than actually exist.

Back 5

False dilemma

Hint 5

We have to drive drunk or sleep in the streets tonight.

Front 6

("Personal Attacks") name calling, abuse.

Back 6

Ad Hominem

Hint 6

You're stupid.

Front 7

Argument that truth varies according to personal opinion.

Back 7

Subjectivism

Hint 7

God is real to Christians, but not to anyone else.

Front 8

Belief that actions can be justified against wrongdoers based
on the moral principles of wrongdoers.

Back 8

Two wrongs

Hint 8

After leaving a store, Jill notices that she has underpaid by $10. She decides not to return the money to the store because if she had overpaid, they would not have returned the money.

Front 9

("Scare tactics") Belief in X based on fear if X is false.

Back 9

Appeal to force

Hint 9

Say that abortion is wrong or I'll kill you.

Front 10

Belief in fact or obligation simply based on sympathy.

Back 10

Appeal to pity

Hint 10

Starving children in Africa need your money!

Front 11

Belief that X is justified simply because X has been done in the past.

Back 11

Tradition

Hint 11

We have to put up Christmas lights on our house because our neighborhood always puts up Christmas lights.

Front 12

Unjustified belief that new developments are better than the old.

Back 12

Novelty

Hint 12

I need an iPhone because its the newest, coolest phone.

Front 13

Concluding that a population has some quality based on
a misrepresentative sample.

Back 13

Hasty Generalization

Hint 13

All girls hate men because a girl in my class said that she hates men.

Front 14

An error based on the mistaken belief that a rule that is generally
true is without exceptions.

Back 14

Accident

Hint 14

Animals with wings can fly.
Chickens are animals with wings.
So chickens can fly.

Front 15

Argument based on only the positive half of the story.

Back 15

Half truth

Hint 15

If we keep abortion legal, we'll be able to maintain population control.

Front 16

("Continuum" or "Domino Fallacy") belief that first step
in some direction amounts to going far in that direction.

Back 16

Slippery Slope

Hint 16

If you stop eating red meat soon you'll be a vegan animal rights activist.

Front 17

Mistake based on confusion of two different senses of a
term or phrase. (Compare to Ambiguity)

Back 17

Equivocation

Hint 17

All banks are beside rivers.
Therefore, the financial institution where I deposit my money is beside a river.

Front 18

Also called circular reasoning. The conclusion
is simply a restatement of the premise.

Back 18

Begging the question

Hint 18

I believe in God because the bible says so. I believe in the bible because it is the word of God.

Front 19

Belief that X is true because it cannot be proven false.

Back 19

Ignorance

Hint 19

We can't prove Sasquatch isn't real, so he must be.

Front 20

Belief that A is the cause of B based on seeing that B merely
follows A in space and time.

Back 20

False Cause

Hint 20

I wore dirty socks today and then it rained, so my dirty socks must have caused rain.

Front 21

Invention in language used to avoid negative connotations of
words and phrases.

Back 21

Euphemism

Hint 21

I'm not short, I'm vertically challenged.

Front 22

Exaggeration.

Back 22

Hyperbole

Hint 22

Everyone in the world has the swine flu!

Front 23

Only seeing and understanding things as if they were human.

Back 23

Anthropomorphism

Hint 23

The stars are not shining because the moon is unhappy.

Front 24

An explanation which relies on a trite saying that, in the final analysis,
is meaningless.

Back 24

Aphorism

Hint 24

My son killed a cat but "boy will be boys"

Front 25

The assumption that worthy goals always justify unethical
tactics.

Back 25

Ends justify the Means

Hint 25

It's okay that Robin Hood steals from the rich, because he gives it to the poor.