Logic

Front 1

Deductive argument

Back 1

intention to give absolute proof of conclusion

Front 2

Inductive argument

Back 2

Give proof of the probable truth of conclusion

Front 3

Cogent

Back 3

Inductive argument cogent if and only if it is strong and has true premises

Front 4

Sound

Back 4

Deductive argument if valid and has true premises

Front 5

Valid argument

Back 5

True premises and true conclusion

Front 6

Appeal to the people

Back 6

Appeals to the listener's desire for security love respect, etc.

Front 7

Ad Hominem

Back 7

Argument against the person

Front 8

Accident

Back 8

General rule is applied to a specific case it was not intended to cover

Front 9

Straw man

Back 9

Arguer distorts opponent's argument and then attcks the distorted argument

Front 10

Missing the point

Back 10

Draw a conclusion different from that supported by premises

Front 11

Red Herring

Back 11

Arguer leads reader off track

Front 12

Appeal to unqualified authority

Back 12

Citing untrustworthy authority

Front 13

Appeal to ignorance

Back 13

Premises report that nothing is known or proved, and then a conclusion is drawn

Front 14

hasty generalization

Back 14

conclusion is drawn from atypical sample

Front 15

false cause

Back 15

conclusion depends on nonexistent or minor causal connection

Front 16

weak analogy

Back 16

Conclusion depends on defective analogy

Front 17

False dichotomy

Back 17

Either or statement that truely hides other alternative

Front 18

Equivocation

Back 18

Conclusion depends on a shift in meaning of a word or phrase

Front 19

Amphiboly

Back 19

Conclusion depends on the wrong interpretation of a syntacticaly ambiguous statement

Front 20

composition

Back 20

attribute is wrongly transferred from parts to whole

Front 21

Division

Back 21

Attribute is wrongly transferred from whole to parts