Logic #1

Front 1

Argument construction

Back 1

1) point is expressed
2) reasons are given

group of statements, one is said to follow from the others

construction:
-premises
|inference - relationship between them
-conclusion
-indicator words for conclusion and premises

Front 2

Argument form

Back 2

1. premise (1)
2. premise (2)
~~~~~~~~~~~~
3. conclusion

1)All humans are mortal
2) Socrates is human
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
3)Socrates is human

Front 3

Enthymemes

Back 3

an argument that is missing premises or conclusion

Front 4

Principle of Charity

Back 4

interpreting a speaker's statement to be rational and considering it's best, strongest possible interpretation

Front 5

Requirements of good reasoning

Back 5

1) Accurate information
2) Strong connection between premises and conclusion

good argument: one in which
-a) given the premises, the conclusion follows from them with either deductive validity or inductive strength, and
b) the premises are true
-DU and IS are two different standards of inferential strength
-(a) and (b) are logically independent from one another

Front 6

deductive validity

Back 6

An argument is deductively valid if and only if, given true premises, the conclusion necessarily follows

deduction
/ \
/ \
valid invalid

Front 7

inductive strength

Back 7

given the premises are true, the conclusion follows PROBABLY; it is more likely to be true then not

induction
/ \
/ \
strength weakness

Front 8

True premises requirements

Back 8

the premises must be true for the argument to be valid.

Front 9

Deductive/Inductive diagram

Back 9

Front 10

Logical form: Syllogism

Back 10

3 line argument consisting of :
(a) major premise
(b) minor premise
(c) conclusion

1) All A are B
2) All B are C
~~~~~~~~~~~
3) therefore, all A are C

Front 11

Logical Form: Barbara

Back 11

1) All A are B
2) All B are C
~~~~~~~~~~~
3) All A are C

Front 12

Logical Form: Disjunctive Syllogism

Back 12

argument using premises where there is an "either" option or "or"

1) A or B
2) Not A/ Not B
~~~~~~~~~~~~
3) B/A

Front 13

Logical Form: Modus Ponens

Back 13

conditional statement; "if...then" statement

1) If A then B
2) A
~~~~~~~~~~~
3) B

Front 14

Logical Form: Modus Tollens

Back 14

anticedent consequence
^ ^
1) If A then B
2) Not B
~~~~~~~~~~~
3) Not A

Front 15

Fallacy of Denying the Anticedent

Back 15

1) If A then B. true
2) Not A. true
~~~~~~~~~~
3) Not B.
true.
VALID

Front 16

Fallacy of Affirming the Consequent

Back 16

1) If A then B
2) B
~~~~~~~~~~~
3) A

Front 17

Fallacy of Undistributed Middle

Back 17

Don't know they are related
1) All A are B ------------/
2) All C are B----------/
~~~~~~~~~~~
3) All A are C