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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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This group is polar because oxygen has a strong attraction for electrons. If this group is at the end of a carbon skeleton, the molecule is called an aldehyde; otherwise it is called a ketone.
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Carbonyl Group
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This functional group is polar because oxygen has a strong attraction for electrons. Water is attracted to this group, and therefore molecules that have this group (such as sugars) tend to dissolve in water. Alcohols are characterized by this functional group.
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Hydroxyl Group
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The two oxygens of this group pull electrons away from the hydrogen atom. This weakens the bond between oxygen and hydrogen, and the hydrogen atom tends to dissociate from the molecule as a hydrogen (H+) ion. Because it donates hydrogen ions, this group is acidic, and molecules that contain these groups are known as carboxylic acids.
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Carboxyl Group
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The nitrogen atom in this group tends to pick up hydrogen ions from the surrounding solution, and thus this functional group acts as a base. Because of the added hydrogen ion, this group usually has a +1 charge in the cell. This group is characteristic of organic molecules called amines.
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Amino Group
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What are compounds called that consist of only Carbon and Hydrogen atoms?
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Hydrocarbons
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Name four ways Hydrocarbons can differ
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Length, Branched, Double Bond, Ring
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What is an Isomer?
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Isomers are compounds that have the same molecular formulas but different three-dimensional structures
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What may we associate the word "polymer" with?
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Synthetic materials such as nylon and rayon.
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To form a polymer, many small molecules called what are joined together?
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Monomers
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Polymerization is also called what?
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Condensation Recation
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Depolymerization is also called what?
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Hydrolysis Reaction
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name some examples of polymers
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rubber, Teflon, cellulose, starch, proteins and DNA
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where do you find an aldehyde group?
(C=O, from the carbonyl group) |
at the end of an organic molecule
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where do you find a ketone group?
(C=O, from the carbonyl group) |
located in the middle of an organic molecule
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Aldehyde and Ketone groups are subsets of what group?
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Carbonyl Groups
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what does an Hydroxyl group look like?
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they have one hydrogen atom paired with one oxygen atom
symbolized as, -OH |
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What atom do hydroxyl and carbonyl groups have in common?
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They both contain oxygen atoms
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Do hydroxyl and carbonyl atoms contribute to water solubility?
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Yes
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