Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Define a Salter I Fracture
|
Using the Pneumonic SALTR
Seperates the Physis |
|
|
Define a Salter II Fracture
|
Using the Pneumonic SALTR
Above the metaphysis and physis |
|
|
Define a Salter III Fracture
|
Using the Pneumonic SALTR
Lower than the epiphysis and physis |
|
|
Define a Salter IV Fracture
|
Using the Pneumonic SALTR
Through the metaphysis, physis and epiphysis |
|
|
Define a Salter V Fracture
|
Using the Pneumonic SALTR
Ruined/Rammed a crushed physis |
|
|
Define a Salter VI Fracture
|
Bridge formation
|
|
|
What is Incidence vs Prevalance in lameness
|
Prevalance - Percentage lame today
Incidence - Percentage lame over a given time |
|
|
Where is most lameness in Cattle?
|
Most lameness is lesions to the outer claw of the hind limb
88% cases in the foot of these 86% in hind foot of these 85% in outer claw |
|
|
Sole Ulcer
Pathogen Location Treatment |
Pathogen - Pododermatitis circumscripta
Location - 2/3rds of way back from toe to heel, outside claw hind limb, often bilateral Treatment - trim foot to correct conformation, remove abnormal horn, do not cause further damage to corium, apply block to sound claw |
|
|
White Line Disease
Pathogen Location Treatment |
Pathogen - Any foreign material
Location - White line of sole, separation allows material to enter - usually lamintitis is underlying cause Treatment - Pare down into lesion and drain abscess (or may travel up hoof and burst out at coronary band) |
|
|
Foul of the Foot
Pathogen Location Aetiology Treatment |
Pathogen - Fusobacterium necrophorum and Dichelobacter nodosus
Location - infection of the interdigital skin, rapidly spreads to deeper tissues Aetiology - Localised trauma + continuous wetting Treatment - Systemic Antibiotics (Penicillin G, Oxytet, Sulphonamides) |
|
|
What is Superfoul?
|
Peracute form of foul. Rapid developement, severe, prognosis poor, agressive treatment of both local and parenteral
|
|
|
Slurry Heel
Location Aetiology Treatment |
Location - Heel
Aetiology - Assosicated with wet conditions, underfoot slurry, varies in severity Treatment - Pare horn to remove fissures - often all 4 feet affected |
|
|
What is interdigital dermatitis?
|
Inflammation of interdigital skin, mild, no lameness, poorly recognised in UK, Dichelobacter nodosus often isolated
|
|
|
What is interdigital hyperplasia?
|
Granuloma, fibroma, tyaloma between the toes. Secondary to chronic irritation and infection. Requires surgical removal under TIVRA
|
|
|
Digital Dermatitis
Pathogen Location Aetiology Treatment |
Pathogen - possibly a spirochaete incombienation with another bacteria
Location - starts between bulbs of heels, raw granulation tissue, foul smell, painful to touch, proliferative lesion (hairy wart) Aetiology - Highly infectious, can be transmitted via equipment, most outbreaks occur in housed animals Treatment - trim foot, clean lesions, topical antibiotics (oxytet) systemic treaments have little effect. Wash heels in parlour, footbaths |
|
|
What are fissures in cattle hooves?
|
Vertical fissure (crack) = Coronary band damage, can become infected, produces granulation tissue from corium
Horizontal fissures = Total short term interruption to horn growth, can lead to slipper formation and claw sloughing |
|
|
Most common causes of lameness in pigs - Birth to Weaning
|
Joint ill
Scraped Knees Bruising of sole Streptococcus infection |
|
|
Most common cause of lameness in Pigs - Weaners
|
Glassers Diease
Strep Suis Erysipelas Mycoplasma Arthritis Osteochondrosis |
|
|
How long does it take to go from the clot to callus phase in fracture repair?
|
About 5 days
|
|
|
Define Direct Healing and Indirect Healing of fractures
|
Direct Healing: Push bone together
Primary Osteonal Repair Contact Healing Gap Healing Sceondary Osteonal Repair Indirect Healing: Callus Formation |
|
|
How do you treat non union in a fracture?
|
1) Cut away sealed bone
2) Stabilise bone (use of plate) 3) Obtain trabecular bone from another epiphysis of same dog 4) Implant as bone graph, will release cytokines and promote bone healing |
|
|
What is the difference between a strain and a sprain?
|
Strain = Tendon
Sprain = Ligament |
|
|
What is the difference between open and closed fractures?
|
Open = Skin wounds, communication with the outside and possible resulting infection
|
|
|
What are the different grades of Open Fractures?
|
Grade 1 - Skin wound <1cm. Treat as clean
Grade 2 - Skin Wound >1cm. Soft tissue damage Grade 3 - Extensive damage |
|
|
What are the classifications of Simple Fractures?
|
Simple = 1 Fracture line
Transverse - Angle less than 30 degrees to long axis. Fracture surface is irregular with spikes and depressions that interdigitate with each other Oblique - Fracture line greater than 30 degrees to long axis Spiral - fracture line curves round bone |
|
|
What is a comminuted fracture?
|
- More than 1 fracture line that connects
- May be multiple or joining fractures - End result = 3 or more pieces of bone |
|
|
What is a segmented fracture?
|
- 2 or more fracture lines that do not connect
- each bone is a complete piece of cortex - End result = 3 or more pieces of bone |
|
|
What is a fissure?
|
- Complete crack in one part of the cortex
- Bone is cracked but minimal seperation - Adult bone |
