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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Benzocaine Route of administration |
Topical |
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Procaine Route of administration |
Infiltration, epidural, spinal Peripheral nerve block |
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Benzocaine Procaine Duration and type of anesthetic |
Short-acting Ester Local anesthetic |
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Benzocaine Procaine Cocaine Lidocaine Ropivacaine Mechanism of action |
Block activated and inactivated states of VGSC Use-dependent blockade |
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Benzocaine Procaine Common/serious adverse reactions |
1. Potential allergic reaction due to release of PABA-like derivatives 2. Anxiety confusion, tremors, convulsions due to blockade of CNS GABA-A receptors 3. CV collapse - decreased myocardial contraction, bradycardia, vasodilation, hypotension |
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Cocaine Duration and type of anesthetic |
Short-acting Ester Local anesthetic |
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Cocaine Route of administration |
Topical use Readily absorbed through epithelium (nose and throat procedures) |
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Cocaine Common/serious adverse reactions |
1. Potential allergic reaction due to release of PABA-like derivatives 2. Anxiety, confusion, tremors, convulsions due to blockade of CNS GABA-A receptors *3. Increased myocardial contraction, tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, vasoconstriction, hypertension |
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Cocaine Association with drug use |
Drug use liability |
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Lidocaine Ropivacaine Duration and type of anesthetic |
Long-acting Amide Local anesthetic |
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Lidocaine Route of administration |
Infiltration, Bier block, peripheral, epidural, spinal |
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Ropivacaine Route of administration |
Peripheral nerve block |
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Lidocaine Ropivacaine Common/serious adverse reactions |
1. Anxiety, confusion, tremors, convulsions due to blockade of CNS GABA-A receptors 2. CV collapse - decreased myocardial contraction, bradycardia, vasodilation, hypotension |
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Ropivacaine Stereoisomers |
S-isomer has reduced affinity for cardiac VGSC = associated with less cardiotoxicity compared to other local anesthetics |
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Epinephrine Clinical application |
Reduce systemic absorption of local anesthetics by vasoconstriction |
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Epinephrine Mechanism of action |
Activated a1 receptors on smooth muscle vasculature |
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Epinephrine Common/serious adverse reactions |
Localized tissue necrosis due to vasoconstrictor action |
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Epinephrine Use with LAs |
Many LA formations contain it Increases LA action by 50% |
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Clonidine Clinical application |
Can be used in conjunction with LAs for epidural and spinal administration to further reduce pain transmission |
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Clonidine Mechanism of action |
Activate presynaptic a2 receptors on C and Ad fibers = prevent neurotransmitter release (substance P and glutamate) |
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Clonidine Use with LAs |
Adjunct in LA formulations Morphine activates presynaptic MORs on C and Ad fibers to elicit similar effect |
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Diazepam (valium) Clinical application |
Treat convulsions due to systemic absorption of LA into CNS |
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Diazepam (valium) Mechanism of action |
Activate GABA-A receptors on CNS |
