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7 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cocaine use: half-life: side effects: contraindications: |
-ester -local anesthetic activity and block NE uptake into presynaptic adrenergic nerves (potent vasoconstrictor properties) -use: topical anesthetic of upper respiratory tract for its actions vasoconstriction and local anesthetic provide anesthesia and shrink mucosa--limit bleeding |
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Procaine use: half-life: side effects: contraindications: |
-ester -short acting ester local anesthetic-used for infiltration anesthesia -low potency, slow onset, short duration |
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Tetracaine use: half-life: side effects: contraindications: |
-ester -long acting ester local anesthetic-more potent, longer duration than procaine -used in spinal anesthesia and in topical and ophthalmic preps. -rarely used in peripheral nerve block---toxicity |
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Benzocaine use: half-life: side effects: contraindications: |
-ester -low solubility in H2O, too slowly absorbed when applied topically to be toxic-apply to wounds and ulcerated surfaces -provide relief for long periods of time |
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Lidocaine use: half-life: side effects: contraindications: |
-amide
-intermediate duration of action -faster, more intense, longer lasting and more extensive anesthesia than procaine -use with epinephrine, decrease absorption/toxicity -metabolized by liver -wide range of clinical use |
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Bupivacaine use: half-life: side effects: contraindications: |
-long acting amide local anesthetic
-produce prolonged anesthesia -long duration of action, provide more sensory than motor block -cardiotoxicity--sever ventricular arrhythmia and myocardial depression after large dose -dissociates from Na+ channel slowly, increase potency for blocking cardiac conduction -S-enantiomer available (less cardiotoxic) |
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Ropivacaine use: half-life: side effects: contraindications: |
-long lasting amide local anesthetic -S-enantiomer ("safe" enantiomer) -anesthetic action similar to bupivacaine (less cariotoxic) -use for epidural and regional anesthesia -even more motor sparing that bupivicaine |
