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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which class of local anesthetics can be used for heart arrythmias?
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amides
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Why is EPI added to most local anesthetics?
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produce local vasoconstriction, slows removal from tissue, longer duration with less bleeding
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How are esters broken down?
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plasm esterases
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How are amides brokend down?
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liver
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What are the ester local anesthetics? Please check brakes, tires, pressure, coolent?
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procaine, chloroprocaine, benzocaine, tetracaine, prilocaine cocaine
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What are the amide local anesthetics? Loves boobs, reefer, liquor, money
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Lidocaine, mepivocaine, bupivocaine, L-bupivacaine, ropivacaine
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What are the desired effects of anesthetics?
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analgesia, amnesia, unconsciousness, obtundation of noxious reflex, muscle relaxation
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What is stage I of anesthesia?
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analgesia
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What is stage II?
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excitement
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What is stage III?
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surgical anesthesia
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What is stage IV?
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medullary paralysis
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Which inhaled anesthetics are good for use in children?
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Sevoflurane, halothane
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Which inhaled anesthetics are airway irritants?
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Desflurane, Isoflurane
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Which inhaled anesthetic causes a decrease in baroreceptor response?
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halothane
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Why is sevoflurane good for children?
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fast recovery, non-irritating
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Which inhaled anesthetic is good for OP surgery?
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desflurane
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What is etomidate used for?
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Induction and EEG mapping because of excitatory EEG effects
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How does a pt on ketamine appear?
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conscious, but not really there
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What is thiopental used for?
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inc ICP, focal ischemia
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When shouldn't you use thiopental?
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bronchospasms, global ischemia, volume contraction
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When shouldn't you use ketamine?
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inc ICP, open eye injury, psych dx
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When shouldn't you use etomidate?
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with long-term steroid use or addison's dx
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How do benzodiazepines work?
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GABAa a1 and a2
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What do benzodiazepines cause?
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hpnosis, sedation, anyiolytic, amnesia, anticonvulsants, muscle relaxant
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What is midazolam used for?
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preop anxiety, amnesia, induction
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What is dexmedetomidine?
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an a2-agonist
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What does dexmedetomidine cause?
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sedation, anciolytic, hypnosis, analgesia, sympatholusis
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