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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How do local anesthetics work?
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By blocking Na channels (this halts action potentials)
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Potency of local anesthetics is determined by what?
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lipid solubility
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What determines the rate of onset of local anesthetics?
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pKa. The lower the pKa, the faster the onset
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The addition of what compound to local anesthetics speeds their onset?
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Sodium bicarbonate
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The addition of what compound to local anesthetics increases their duration?
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Epinephrine.
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How does epinephrine increase the duration of effect of local anesthetics?
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By causing vasoconstriction. All local anesthetics (except cocaine) cause vasodilation which shortens their duration
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Which local anesthetics are amides?
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The ones with an "i" before the "-aine" in their names: lidocaine, bupivicaine and etidocaine
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How are amide local anesthetics metabolized?
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Slowly by the liver
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How are ester local anesthetics metabolized?
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Rapidly by plasma cholinesterases
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Systemic toxicity is more likely with ester or amide local anesthetics?
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amides
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What is the maximum dosage of lidocaine without epi?
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5 mg/kg
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What is the maximum dosage of lidocain WITH epinephrine?
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7 mg/kg
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