National And State Constitutions

Front 1

Politics

Back 1

Who gets, when, and how much.

Front 2

Power

Back 2

Ability to make someone do something they wouldnt ordinarily do.

Front 3

Authority

Back 3

The legitimate use of power.

Front 4

Public Policy

Back 4

What government does or does not do about a particular issue, via executive actions, judicial rulings, administrative decisions, and bereaucrats.

Front 5

Government

Back 5

Set of institutions that rules over a land and its people. Exists to provide services.

Front 6

Normative Political Theory

Back 6

How things ought to be in the government.

Front 7

Positive Political Theory

Back 7

How things actually are in the government.

Front 8

Why do we study state/local government?

Back 8

We interact with it more than federal. Most growth on these levels as well.

Front 9

New Governance

Back 9

National government works with state and local government to improve quality of life.

Front 10

Political Culture (Policy Affector Factor)

Back 10

Refers to shared values regarding a governments role in a state. State political cultures stem from original settlers.

Front 11

Three types of political culture?

Back 11

Moralistic, Individualistic, and Traditionalistic.

Front 12

Moralistic

Back 12

Expect gov't to persue higher good. High voter participation, scandal free gov't. Settled by British and Germans mostly. Examples: Rust Belt, Wisconsin.

Front 13

Individualistic

Back 13

Willing to tolerate some corruption as long as services are provided. Use gov't as a way to achieve own goals. Origibally settled by English, Scottish, Irish, German. Examples: Missouri, New Jersey, Maryland.

Front 14

Traditionalistic

Back 14

Politics dominated by elites who want to stay in power. Conservative. Rural and agricultural. Example: Arkansas.

Front 15

What are four things that affect public policy?

Back 15

Political Culture, Sociodemographics, Geography, and Economy.

Front 16

Sociodemographics (Policy Affector Factor)

Back 16

Things such as percentage of race/culture/sex/gender/ethnicity affect policy.

Front 17

Geography (Policy Affector Factor)

Back 17

The resources and land masses in the area effect policy. Example: mineral taxes on companies that reduce taxes on civilians.

Front 18

Economy (Policy Affector Factor)

Back 18

Monetary status of people affect laws.

Front 19

Federalism

Back 19

Power is shared between national and state governments.

Front 20

Unitary

Back 20

All power is given to national gov't.

Front 21

Confederacy

Back 21

All power is given to state gov't.

Front 22

Three different types of powers?

Back 22

Express/Enumerated, Implied, and Inherent.

Front 23

Express/Enumerated Power

Back 23

Powers written out in the Constitution.

Front 24

Implied Power

Back 24

Elastic Clause. Congress can do things necessary to carry out express powers.

Front 25

Inherent Power

Back 25

Powers not mentioned in Constitution. Example: waging war.

Front 26

Largest source of state power?

Back 26

"All powers not given to the national gov't will be given to the state." Example: education.

Front 27

What gives local gov'ts power?

Back 27

The state.

Front 28

Supremacy Clause

Back 28

Constitution is supreme law of the land.

Front 29

Three examples where the Supremacy Clause was put into play:

Back 29

McCulloch v. Maryland, Nullification Crisis, Civil War.

Front 30

McCulloch v. Maryland

Back 30

State was trying to tax national bank.

Front 31

Nullification Crisis

Back 31

National gov't wanted to raise tariff rate.

Front 32

Civil War

Back 32

Dispute over slaves and federalism.

Front 33

The two ways national gov't can gain leverage over state?

Back 33

Grants and Mandates

Front 34

Grant

Back 34

National gov't bribes state gov't to do what it wants via money.

Front 35

Mandate

Back 35

What the state must do to obtain the grant.

Front 36

The four formal ways to amend the Constitution?

Back 36

Referendum, Constitutional Revision Comissions, Constitutional Conventions, and Initiative

Front 37

Three different taxes states get money from?

Back 37

Sales taxes, property taxes, income taxes.

Front 38

Other ways states get money?

Back 38

Car registration fees, user fees, excize taxes, estate taxes, and intergovernmental transfers.

Front 39

Excize Taxes

Back 39

Taxes on specific goods (sin taxes).

Front 40

Estate Taxes

Back 40

Inheretance Tax. In Arkansas must inherent 5 million or more.

Front 41

User Fees

Back 41

Fee to use gov't facilities/services. Optional.

Front 42

What type of tax does local gov't rely most heavily on?

Back 42

Property Taxes

Front 43

Tax Capacity

Back 43

Capability of a pop. to pay taxes

Front 44

Tax Effort

Back 44

Willingness of a pop. to pay taxes.

Front 45

Severance Taxes

Back 45

Taxes from resource mining

Front 46

What are the main gov't expenditures?

Back 46

Wages, education, healthcare, welfare, roads.

Front 47

Unfunded Mandates

Back 47

Order with no money to back it up.

Front 48

Ballot Initiatives

Back 48

People vote to lower or restrain taxes.

Front 49

Cooperative Federalism

Back 49

State and local gov't work together.

Front 50

Dual-Constitutionalism

Back 50

Governed by two constitutions: state and national.

Front 51

Similarities of State and National Constitutions?

Back 51

•Describes role of gov't.

•Describes instutions.

•influence of social contract

•Bill of Rights

Front 52

Difference between State and National Constitutions?

Back 52

Permanence, length, specificity, embrace of democracy.

Front 53

Difference between states?

Back 53

Operating rules and selection for office, distribution of power, direct or representative democracy.

Front 54

Evolutional stages of Constitutions?

Back 54

Colonial Charters, First state constitutions, post-Civil War constitutions.

Front 55

Colonial Charters

Back 55

King gave rights to govern a colony.

Front 56

First State Constitutions

Back 56

Gave very little power to governors. Some states unicameral some bicameral.

Front 57

Post-Civil War Constitutions

Back 57

Gave governors more power during reconstruction era.

Front 58

Two informal methods of changing Constitutions?

Back 58

Neglect (not enforced) and interpretation (what it means changes).

Front 59

Initiative

Back 59

Coming up with a change and then getting enough signatures to put it on the ballot.

Front 60

Constitutional Revision Comission

Back 60

Groups are appointed to read the constitutions and recommend changes.

Front 61

Referendum

Back 61

Gov't suggests change and people vote on it.

Front 62

Constitutional Convention

Back 62

Gathering of delegates to change constitution.

Front 63

What are three direct democracy mechanisms?

Back 63

Initiative, Referendum, and Recall.

Front 64

Recall

Back 64

Someone can be voted out of office if they aren't doing a good job. Not in Arkansas.

Front 65

Four different types of federalism?

Back 65

Dual, Cooperative, New, and Ad Hoc.

Front 66

Dual Federalism

Back 66

Both worry about own problems.

Front 67

Cooperative Federalism

Back 67

State and national gov't work together to address issues.

Front 68

New Federalism

Back 68

Gives more power and resources to the state.

Front 69

Ad Hoc Federalism

Back 69

Circumstance dictates relationship between state and national gov't.

Front 70

Advantages of Federalism

Back 70

Gov't closer to people, local interests reflected, states as policy labs.

Front 71

Disadvantages of Federalism

Back 71

Local gov't more likely to be dominated by one interest, businesses have to contend with different regulations across states.