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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What does the Opthalmic nerve supply?
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Sensory to orbit, lacrimal gland, nose and skin of eyelids and forhead.
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What are the branches of the Opthalmic nerve?
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Lacrimal, Frontal, Nasociliary
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What does the Maxillary nerve supply?
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Skin of middle face, nose & nasal mucosa, upper lip, Maxillary teeth, palate and palatal gingiva.
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What are the branches of the Maxillary nerve?
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Meningeal, Zygomatic, Superior Alveolar (post, mid, ant), ganglionic (PS Pterygopalatine provides palatine, petrosal, pharyngeal, Nasopalatine), Infra-orbital
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What does the Nasopalatine nerve innervate?
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Palatal gingival, Palatal mucosa directly adjacent and behind the Incisors and Canine.
Also the periosteum. |
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What does the Ant Sup Alveolar Nerve innervate?
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The Incisors & Canines
The Periosteum The buccal gingiva |
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What hinders medial spread of LA across the midline when anaesthetising the Ant Sup Alveolar Nerve?
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Fibrous tissue of the labial frenulum
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When the Mid Sup Alveoar nerve exists, what doese it innervate?
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The upper pre-molar teeth and often the MB root of the first upper molar.
Buccal Gingiva Alveolar ridge periosteum |
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What does the Post Sup Alveolar Nerve innervate?
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Upper molars
Buccal Gingiva Periosteum over the bucal surface of the alveolar ridge. |
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Where do the branches of the 3 different Sup Alveolar Nerves arise from?
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Posterior = Pterygopalatine fossa
Middle = Infraobrital groove Anterior = Infraorbital canal |
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What are the branches of the Mandibular nerve?
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Trunk - meningeal & medial pterygoid + tensors
Ant- Motor to MOM except Long Sensory Buccal Post - Auriculotemporal, IAN, Mylohyoid, Incisive, Mental, Lingual (CT). All Sensory except mylohyoid. |
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Why is infiltration not suitable for premolars/molars?
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Bone is too dense for anaesthetic to spread
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What does the Mental nerve innervate?
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Buccal and labial mucosa from 33 or 43 to midline (no crossover) and lower lip on the corresponding side.
Periosteum of incisors, canines and first premolars |
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How can the Mental nerve be anaesthetised?
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IAN block
OR at the Mental Foramen |
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What is anaethetised by an IAN block?
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Lower lip, labial mucosa, labial gingiva and periosteum from first molar to midline (mental)
and All mandibular teeth |
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Where is the Mandibular foramen located?
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Halfway between the anterior and posterior border of the ramus, approx 1 cm above occlusal plane of lower molars.
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What does the Long Sensory Buccal Nerve innervate?
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Mucosa of cheek, vestibule
Gingiva adjacent mandibular molars and the second premolar. |
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How is the Buccal nerve anaesthetised?
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Either next to the tooth to be extracted or via Buccal Nerve Block.
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What does the Lingual Nerve innervate?
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The lingual gingiva
Lingual Periosteum of all Mandibular teeth |
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What blocks are required for Cavity Preps and Endo?
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IAN
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What blocks are required for Surgical Procedures eg Exodontia?
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IAN
Lingual Block Long Buccal Nerve Block |
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What 2 nerves innervate the mandibular periosteum?
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Long Buccal - from 38 to 35 or 48-45 buccally
Lingual nerve - from 38-31 or 48-41 lingually Mental nerve - 1st premolar to midline. |
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What blocks are required for deep scaling and periodontal procedures?
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IAN
Lingaul Block Long Buccal Nerve Block |
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What are the brandnames for Lignocaine and their constituants? What are the max dosages?
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Xylocaine - 2% + 1:80000Ad - 7mg/kg
Nurocaine - 2% + 1:100000Ad - 7mg/kg (3mg/kg max dose plain) |
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How long do plain Lignocain and Xylocaine last for?
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Plain
15 min pulpal Xylo 90 min pulpal 180 min soft tissue |
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What is the brandname for Prilocaine and in what preparations is it available? What are the max dosages?
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4% Citanest plain
max 6mg/kg 3%Citanest + 0.03IU/mLOctapressin max 9mg/kg 3%Citanest + 1:300000Adrenaline max 9mg/kg |
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What is the brand name for Buprivocaine and in what preparations is it available? What are the max dosages?
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0.5% Marcain + 1:200000Adreneline
max 1.5mg/kg |
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How long do the Prilocaine preparations last for?
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Plain: 15min pulpal 1.5hr soft
+Oct: 40 min pulpal 2.5hr soft +Adr: 30min pulpal 2.0hr soft |
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How long do Buprivocaine preparations last for?
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Block: 4hr pulpal, 7hr soft tissue
Infil: 45 min pulpal, 2.5hr soft |
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Order the 3 main LA's by increasing potency
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Lignocaine, Prilocaine, Buprivocaine
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How do LA's work?
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Crosses membrane in non-ionised form the blocks ion channels, inhibiting electrical conduction along nerves
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What types of nerve fibres need to be blocked for effective LA?
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C Nociceptors to block pain (need 100% blockage)
A Delta for pain A Beta for pressure |
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Why are amide LA's more desirable to ester LA's?
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Esters are broken down by the body, therefore Amides are longer lasting
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Why are LA's combined with stong acid?
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To convert them to water soluble stable salts
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List 9 reasons for Failure of LA
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Not enough LA
Insufficient time given for LA to work Analgesia ineffective in inflamed tissue Intravascular injection Incorrect technique chosen Incorrect placement of LA Variable patient anatomy Individual variations in patients pain threshold Individual variations in tolerance to LA |
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List 10 Complications of LA
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Anaphylactic shock/Allergies
Failure to anaesthatise Fainting CV Collapse Intravascular injection Haematoma Trismus Facial Paralysis Permanent Anaesthsia/Parathesia Needle stick injury |
