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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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dialect
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-linguistic: a neutral label to refer to any variety of a language that is shared by a group of speakers
-popular: (1)speech different from one's own, (2)those varieties of English whose features have become widely recognized through American society, (3)deficient or "corrupted" English |
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Standard American English
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-myth!/social construct
-notion of a widespread, normative variety of English -"proper" English |
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Formal/Prescriptive Standard English
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-based on written language
-codified in grammar text -perpetuated in formal institutions -resistant to changes -not consistently spoken |
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Informal Standard English
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-exists on a continuum
-subjective |
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vernacular dialects
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-varieties typified by nonstandard forms
-characterized by the presence of socially conspicuous structures |
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social networks
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communication networks in terms of individual patterns of interaction
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density
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the axtent to which members of a social network all interact with one another
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multiplexity
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the extent to which people interact with the same people in different spheres of activity
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multiplex networks
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networks that interact with the same people in different social arenas
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uniplex networks
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networks that interact with the different sets of people in different social spheres
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community of practice
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an aggregate of people who come together around some enterprise
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speech community
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a group of people with shared norms or common evaluations of linguistic variables
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changes from within
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changes/innovations that take place apart from the influence of other languages
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rule extension
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when a language rule of limited application may be extended to more situations and apply to a broader set of items
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analogy
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the process of taking language forms that are similar in some way
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four part/proportional analogy
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involves changing the form of words that derive their meaning in an irregular way so that they conform to the shape of words that derive this meaning in a more regular or predominant way
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leveling
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taking a grammatically conditioned set of forms and making the forms more similar or identical
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paradigm
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the person and number set of a verb
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minority pattern analogy
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reshaping irregular forms on the model of a minor pattern rather than a more predominant one
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transparency principle
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the tendency for speakers to make things as easy as possible on themselves cognitively and the desire to make meanings obvious
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