Lmsw Direct Practice

Front 1

Social Work Problem-Solving Process

Back 1

1) Engagement
2) Gathering Information
3) Assessing/Diagnosis
4) Goal Setting
5) Intervention
6) Evaluation
7) Termination

Front 2

The Referral Process

Back 2

1) Clarifying the need or purpose
2) Researching resources
3) Discussing and selecting options with client
4) Planning for the initial contact
5) Initial contact between client and referral source
6) Follow-up to see if need was met

* Keep in mind the client's right to self-determination

Front 3

Systems Theory

Back 3

The concept of a system as interacting parts. The basis of the model is the dynamic interaction of the components.

* If you change one part of the system, the entire system changes.

- Homeostasis: Steady state
- Input: From environment
- Output: Produce to environment
- Throughput: Using the input
- Entropy: Closed system; no energy from outside
- Negative Entropy: Successful use of available energy
- Equifinality: Capacity to receive identical results from different initial condition.
Feedback: When output from systems is put back into the system
Input - Throughput - Output

Implications for practice:

1. Problems are defined in transactional terms; the responsibility for change does not rest on the client alone
Feedback: When output from systems is put back into the system
2. Development and functioning are outcomes of transactions between their genetic potential and their environment.
3. Reorienting interventions toward growth, adaptive transactions, and environments

Front 4

Ecological/Life Systems Model

Back 4

Focuses on the interrelatedness between people and their environment

- Emphasizes the degree of fit between person and environment

- Person is involved in an ongoing circular exchange with his/her environment (Transactional relationship)

Focus of Intervention:

- The interface between the client and the client's environment

Aim of Intervention:

-To make the client's environment more responsive to his her needs and to release the client's adaptive potential by altering the transactions between the client and the environment

Front 5

Ecological/Life Systems Model Terms

Back 5

Terms:
Adaptedness: Goodness of fit with the environment (right, needs, goals, etc.)
Adaptation is a continuous process

Niche: Status occupied by an individual or group within a given social system (associated with power/oppression)

Habitat: Physical setting

Positive Stress: Environmental demand perceived as as channel and associated with positive feelings

Negative Stress: Discrepancy between demand and capacity for coping with it and associated with negative feelings

Coping: Psychological, physiological, behavioral response

Front 6

Functional Approach

Back 6

Based on a psychology of growth with the center of change residing in the client, not in the worker.

- Emphasis is on releasing client's power for choice and growth.

- "Helping" rather than treating.

Principles:
-Time phases (Beginning, middle, ending)
- Use of structure
- De-emphasize diagnosis
- Function of the agency
- Use of relationship

Clinician and client enter into relationship with a lack of knowledge regarding how it will turn out; client and worker discover it together

Front 7

Planned Short-Term or Task Centered Treatment

Back 7

Hallmarks:
Restricting the duration of treatment at the outset and using interventions from learning theory and behavior modification to promote completion of a well-defined task
(Assess, set goals, define tasks)

- Highly structured, 8-12 sessions

Primary Aim: To quickly engage clients in the problem-solving process and to maximize their responsibility for treatment outcome

- Problem partialized into clearly delineated tasks to be addressed consecutively

- Assessment focuses on helping the client to identify the primary problem and explore the circumstances surrounding the problem

- Consideration is given to how the client would ideally like to see the problem resolved

Front 8

Problem Solving Approach

Back 8

Assumptions:
-All human living is a problem-solving process, and the ego is seen as a mechanism for solving problems.
- In ability to cope is die to come lack of motivation, capacity, or opportunity to solve problems in an appropriate way.
- Clients are people whose usual problem-solving capacities or resources have broken down, are impaired, or maladaptive

Goals of Action:
1) To release, energize, amd give direction to client's motivation by minimizing disabling anxiety and fears
2) To release, and then repeatedly exercise, the client's mental, emotional, and action capacities for coping with his problem
3) To make accessible to the client the opportunities and resources necessary to the solution of the problem

Four P's:
-Person
-Problem
-Place (Agency)
-Process (therapeutic relationship)

Front 9

Psychosocial Approach

Back 9

This approach considers the client in the context of his interactions or transactions with the external world

- The diagnosis is based on a psychosocial history

- Treatment requires a modification of the person/environment or both, and of the exchange between them

Front 10

Psychoanalytic Theory

Back 10

Man is seen as the product of his past and treatment involves dealing with the repressed material in the unconscious

Three Personality Structures:
Id, ego, superego

Concepts:
- Unresolved conflict is the basis for psychopathology
- Conflict between id, ego, and superego lead to anxiety
- Fixation: Failure to resolve a conflict at any stage of development

Assumptions:
- determinism: Functioning of mind and ordering of ideas are not random; all thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are related to prior experiences
- Structural Model: Mind has 3 layers of mental activity (Unconscious, Preconscious, Conscious)
- Dynamic Principle: Conflict between id, ego and superego. Unresolved conflict = anxiety
- Genetic Principle: Early years of childhood extremely important in personality development

Stages of Psychosexual development: Libidinal energy is invested in a different organ system at each stage (Cathexis - investment of energy); Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, Genital

- Involves 4 processes:
1. Clarification
2. Confrontation
3. Interpretation
4. Working through goal to resolve intrapsychic conflict

- In psychoanalytic psychotherapy, the primary technique used is analysis (of dreams, resistance, transferences, free associations)