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98 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What did the Reformation begin as?
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A religious protest
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A divinely ordained structure in which the two rulers played equal but different roles
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Holy Roman Empire
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How were the Emperor and the Pope chosen for office
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election
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How many princes elected the Emperor and of what nationality were they?
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7, German
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In theory, the _______ was supposed to be the bodyguard of the _______
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Emperor, Pope
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Until when did the "States of the Church" exist as a country
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19th century
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What was the Marburg Colloquia
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A Meeting of Protestant Leaders
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What helped to spread the secular ideas of the Renaissance
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the printing press
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What was the Pope unable to do in germany
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impose central authority
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What was the corruption in the lower clergy
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The illiteracy of priests and monks as well as rule breaking
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in the late 1300'S and early 1400's which two gentlemen advocated for Church reform
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John Wycliffe and Jan Hus
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This Italian friar preached fiery sermons to Florence only to be turned upon a year later
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Savonarola
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Where did Martin Luther teach?
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University of Wittenberg
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Did luther intend on starting a religious revolution?
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no
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Who did Luther take a public stand against for his actions
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Johann Tetzel
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How was Tetzel raising money to rebuild St. Peter's cathedral
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selling indulgences
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what is an indulgence
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a pardon
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What were Luther's three main teaching points
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1. People could win salvation only by faith
2. all church teaching was based on the bible 3. All people with faith are equal |
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Although illegal, who sheltered Luther
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Prince Frederick the wise of Saxony
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What agreement decided that the rulers of the German states would decide their own religion
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The Peace of Augsburg
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what was the church of England called?
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the Anglican church
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John Calvin's book about God, salvation, and Human Nature
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Institutes of christian religion
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The idea that God already knows when and who someone will be saved
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Predestination
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The religion based on Calvin's teachings
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Calvinism
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Scottish preacher who adopted Calvin's teachings
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John Knox
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Who was the most influential man in the Reformation
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John Calvin
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What were Calvin's followers called?
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Huguenots
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Forerunners to Baptists and Quakers
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Anabaptists
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Who protected John Calvin from being executed for his beliefs while living in France
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Marguerite of Navarre
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Who started the Catholic Reformation
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Ignatius of loyola
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What was agreed on at the council of Trent
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"The Church's interpretation of the Bible was final
Church Tradition and the Bible were equal authorities Indulgences were ok Good works and Salvation were both needed |
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who was Henry VIII's secret wife?
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Anne Boleyn
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Did Anne Boleyn bore Henry VIII's son he wanted?
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no
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Which wife gave Henry VIII a son?
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3rd
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What was Henry VIII's son named
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Edward
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When Knox instilled Calvin's teachings in Scotland, he put a group of laymen in charge of each of the churches. What were these laymen called?
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presbyters
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What was the worst outbreak of conflict between Catholics and Huguenots
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August 24, 1572 - St. Bartholomew's Day
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what was the turning point in St. Ignatius' life
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in 1521 when he was injured in a war
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Who were descendants of the Anabaptists
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Amish and Mennonites
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What were St. Ignatius' followers called?
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Jesuits
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What were the three things jesuits focused on
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Education, conversion, and stopping Protestant spreading
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What were the 3 problems for every Pope
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How to maintain political power in Italy
How to defend wealthy possesions of the Roman catholic Church How to act as the spiritual leader for all Christians |
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What term was used to refer to the political side of the church
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the Papacy
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Why was the Papacy stronger than the Empire
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it bypassed all national differences and struck its roots deep throughout Europe
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What corrupted Popes?
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Absolute power and enormous wealth
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What was Leo X's real name
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Giovanni de'Medici
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What was Leo X's famous quote after he was elected pope
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"God has given us the papacy, let us enjoy it"
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Did Luther come from wealth
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no
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At what age did Luther receive his master's degree in philosophy
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22
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Where did Luther receive his master's degree in philosophy
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University at Erfurt
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Was Luther's father supportive of his entering the monastery
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no
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What did Luther want to prove to his father by entering the monastery
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his independence
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As a monk, Luther was extremely __________
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Scrupulous
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What was Luther's main defense to his encounters with the devil
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attack with language then physicality
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Who was Luther's superior in the monastery
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John Staupitz
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When did luther obtain his doctor's degree
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1512
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In what year was St. Peter's Basilica demolished?
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1506
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When were the 95-Thesis posted
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October of 1517
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How much time did the Papacy give Luther to take back what he said before excommunication
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60 days
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Was Luther actually kidnapped
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no
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who kidnapped Luther
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Men sent by Prince Frederick of Saxony to protect Luther
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Who was the man who wanted to discard Catholicism and start a new religion?
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Andreas von Karlstadt
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Who was the priest who approved of the Zurich citizens eating meat on Ash Wednesday in 1522
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Ulrich Zwingli
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How successful was the reforming at the Castle of Marburg in 1529
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only partly
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Who proclaimed the age of saints, and also wanted to get rid of all rulers and establish his own law
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Thomas Muntzer
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Who labeled Luther "The Pope of Wittenburg"
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Thomas Muntzer
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What religious group did Zwingly start?
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the anabaptists
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What was the most deadly conflict between Protestants and Catholics
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Peasants' War of 1524
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Where was the first armed clash between protestants and catholics
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Switzerland
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What did the armed conflict of Zurich, Switzerland foreshadow
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the thirty years war
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What was the church's weapon to combat heresy
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the inquisition or "holy office"
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What was the purpose of the council of Trent
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to try to find a compromise between protestants and catholics
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head of a monastery
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abbot
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the buying and selling of holy offices
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simony
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the bankers of Europe "Medici's of Germany"
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The Fuggers
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what does primogeniter mean
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first born gets all inheritance
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writer of Utopia
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Thomas More
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Where was Jan Hus a teacher
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University of Prague
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What was Jan Hus' book of thoughts called?
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DeEcclesia
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What were Jan Hus' followers known as?
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Hussites
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John Wycliffe's religious rebellious group
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Lollards
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This man was set up to be killed at a meeting where he thought he was safe
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John Wycliffe
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Who were the "dogs of God"
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the dominicans
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Who was the woman Luther falls in love with
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Catarina Vombora
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Famous for his analysis of Luther
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Dr. Erricson
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Which monacstic order did Luther join?
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Augustinine Aramites
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Who was Luther's "Sidekick"
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Melancthon
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A statement of principals for Lutheranism, Written by Melancthon
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Augsburg Confession
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What city did John Calvin start a theocracy in?
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Geneva
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Who comes to meet with Luther in January of 1519
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Papal Nuncio
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Who corners Luther at Leipzig
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Johann van Eck
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Start of the 30 years war, Jesuit who wanted to stop Protestantism
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Ferdinand II
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Who was the forerunner of Justification by Faith
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John Wycliffe
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What was a non political or religious problem in Germany
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witches
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Who was in charge of St. Peter's Basilica
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Raphael
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What was the capital of Austria during the Reformation
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Vienna
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Said the court was too great
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Pope Pius II
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What Religious order was Tetzel
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Dominicans
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