Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Is there any pathopneumonic signs for liver disease? What do patients usually present with?
|
No
Lethargy, ADR, GI signs (anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea), Icterus, abdominal distension, bruising (prob with coag) |
|
|
What are the three causes of icterus?
|
Pre-hepatic- normal process of getting of heme is overwhelmed usually due to hemolysis
Hepatic- liver is not processing the heme due to failure Post-hepatic- bile is not flowing |
|
|
What is the main cause of hepatic encephalopathy? What can cause this? What makes it worse?
|
Accumulation of ammonia
High protein diets Hypoglycemia, dehydration, acidosis |
|
|
Does abnormal liver enzymes mean liver problems? What tests assess liver function? What is the most definitive way to diagnose a liver problem?
|
No
Urea, glucose, albumin, bile acids, ammonia Biopsy |
|
|
How do you define cirrhosis?
|
End stage of most liver diseases, marked by inflammation, loss of hepatic architecture, fibrosis
|
|
|
What are the functions of the liver?
|
Management of energy sources
Storage of minerals Absorption of fat Metabolism of drugs & toxins Immunosurveillance and first line defense |
|
|
What is the pathogenesis of cirrhosis?
|
Inflammation -> fibrosis -> portal hypertension -> cirrhosis
|
|
|
What is the function of the Kupffer cells?
|
-Macrophages
-Activated ones produce cytokines -Activate Stellate cells |
|
|
What is the function of Stellate cells?
|
-Normally stores Vit A
-Transformed by Kupffer cells into myofibroblasts -Cause fibrosis |
|
|
What are the five causes of abdominal distension?
|
-Organomegaly
-Portal hypertension -Hypoalbuminemia -Salt retention -Muscle wasting |
|
|
What are the four causes of PU/PD?
|
-Low urea
-Psychogenic -Increase cortisol -Decrease ADH -lack of normal thirst center function |
|
|
What would you seen clinically with GI ulceration?
|
painful cranial abdomen
black tar-like stools yellowing of mucus membranes Test: low bile acids elevated liver enzymes photosentization - seen in ruminants Hepatocutaneous syndrome (not common) but sometimes the only manifestation - deficiency of amino acids |
