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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Hepatic blood flow |
1500 mL/min 25-30% hepatic artery 70-75 % portal veins |
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Normal hepatic blood volume is _____, but the liver can shift _____ into circulation |
450 ml 300 ml |
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_____ cells line the sinusoids. What is their function? |
Kupfer cells Blood-cleansing function |
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What plasma proteins are formed in the liver? |
Albumin and Clotting factors Plasma pseudocholinesterase |
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What are phase 1 reactions? |
Reduction (i.e. of benzodiazepines and barbiturates) |
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What are phase 2 biotransformation reactions? |
Conjugation reactions that allow excretion in bile and urine. |
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The basic functional unit of the liver is the ______ |
lobule |
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Lobules are formed around a _________ |
centrilobular vein |
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Venous drainage from centrilobular veins flows into |
hepatic veins |
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The right lobe of the liver is divided into which two units |
posterior caudate inferior quadrate |
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______ enzymes can be induced by alcohol and certain drugs (barbiturates, ketamine, benzos) |
Cytochrome P450 |
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ALT and AST are released into the blood following what type of event? Which one is more specific to the liver? |
Death/injury of hepatocytes ALT is more specific to liver |
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What are the functions of bile |
Emulsify fat Cholesterol ellimination Exretion Absorption of vitamins A, D, E, K |
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How is bile released? |
Fatty acids/chyme entering duodenum trigger CCK release Gallbladder contracts/sphincter of oddi relaxdes |
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The _______ causes an increase in bile production |
parasympathetic nervous system |
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The only true tests of liver function are: |
Serum albumin PT |
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Conjugated bilirubin is elevated when? |
Hepatocellular dysfunction Intrahepatic cholestasis Extrahepatic billiary obstruction |
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Unconjugated bilirubin is elevated when? |
Hemolysis Congenital/acquired defects in bilirubin |
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Normal bilirubin levels are: |
<1.5 mg/dL |
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Jaundice occurs when bilirubin is ______ |
> 3 mg/dL |
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ALT and AST levels are normally: |
< 35-45 units/L |
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Normal serum alkaline phosphatase is : |
25-85 units/L elevated with intrahepatic cholestasis or biliary obstruction Increased in children during growth |
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Normal serum albumin is: |
3.5-5 g/dL |
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Low albumin (less than 2.5) reflects what? |
Chronic liver disease or malnutrition
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Normal ammonia level is _____ |
47-65 mmol/L |
