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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which lobe of the liver is the biggest? smallest?
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right lobe; caudate
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Where is the gallbladder located?
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on the right
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What does the size of the liver do the arrangement of the kidneys?
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the right kidney is lower the left
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What forms the common bile duct?
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Cystic duct from gallbladder & common hepatic duct
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What are the components of bile secreted by the liver?
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water & cholesterol
bile salts = Na & K salts of bile acids bile pigments (bilirubin) from hemoglobin molecule |
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What are the components of bile secreted by the liver?
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water & cholesterol
bile salts = Na & K salts of bile acids bile pigments (bilirubin) from hemoglobin molecule |
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What is heme broken into?
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iron and bilirubin
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What are the functions of liver?
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Carbohydrate metabolism:
Turn proteins into glucose Turn triglycerides into glucose Turn excess glucose into glycogen & store in the liver Turn glycogen back into glucose as needed |
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What is the other function of liver?
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Lipid metabolism:
Synthesize cholesterol Synthesize lipoproteins----HDL and LDL (used to transport fatty acids in bloodstream) Stores some fat Breaks down some fatty acids |
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What are.. other liver functions?
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detoxify blood
remove waste like bilirubin release bile salts to help emulsify Stores fat soluble vitamins- A, B12, D, E, K |
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What vitamin does the liver produce?
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Activates vitamin D (the skin can also do this with 1 hour of sunlight a week, needs oils)
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Where does the digestion of carbohydrates occur?
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mouth - salivary amylase
duodenum - pancreatic amylase Brush border enzymes (maltase, sucrase & lactase) act on disaccharides |
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What caues lactose intolerance?
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mucosal cells of the small intestine fail to produce lactase
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Where does the digestion of lipids occur?
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Mouth (lingual lipase)
Small intestine (emulsification by bile pancreatic lipase splits into fatty acids & monoglyceride no enzymes in brush border) |
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What is responsible for mechanical digestion in the large intestine?
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Smooth muscle:
perialstic waves- haustral churning gastroilial reflex gastrocolic reflex |
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What occurs during bacterial fermentation of the large intestine?
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undigested carbohydrates into carbon dioxide & methane gas
undigested proteins into simpler substances (indoles) = odor turn bilirubin into simpler substances that produce color |
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What produces vitamin B and K in the large intestine?
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Bacteria produce vitamin K and B in colon
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What occurs during defecation?
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Gastrocolic reflex moves feces into rectum
Stretch receptors signal sacral spinal cord Parasympathetic nerves contract muscles of rectum & relax internal anal sphincter External sphincter is voluntarily controlled |
