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62 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Deconstruction
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+originator is Derrida
+is a movement within literary theory +sets out to show that conflicting forces within the text serve to dissipate the seeming definiteness of its structure and meanings into an indefinite array of incompatible and undecidable possibilities +not synonymous with destruction |
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Literary Criticism
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+studies concerned with defining, classifying, analyzing, interpreting and evaluating works of literature
+emphasis on close reading + THEORY = WHOLE + CRITICISM = SPECIFIC PARTS |
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Anaphora
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+the deliberate repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of each one of a sequence of sentences
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Marxist Literary Criticism
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+criticism grounded in the economic and cultural theory of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels
+attention to the role of the labor class structure, material production, and ideology in literary texts +peaked in the 1950's and 1960's |
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Ideology
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+the beliefs, values, and ways of thinking and feeling through which human beings perceive, and by recourse to which they explain, what they take to be reality.
+an important form for Marxist Criticism |
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Feminist Criticism
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+arose in the late 1960's during Woman's rights struggles
+look at issues of gender, patriarchy, sexual power dynamics, and masculinist ideology |
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Hegemony
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+this is Italian Communist Gramsci's most widely echoed concept
+concept that a social class achieves predominant influence and power, not by direct and overt means, but by succeeding in making its ideological views so pervasive that the subordinate classes unwittingly accept and participate in their own oppression |
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Sentimentalism
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+a term, generally applied in a derogatory way, to that is percieved to be an excess of emotion and an over indulgence in pathos/sympathy in a text
+in 19th century America, sentimental novels were referred to as "women's fiction" or "domestic novels" |
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Cultural Work
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+a term coined by Jane Tompkins
+describes the function of literary texts that seek to redefine the social order +novels that perform cultural work were written not so that they could be enshrined in any literary hall of fame but in order to win influence |
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Realism
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+a literary mode that claims to represent life as it really is, with no embellishments
+In contrast to romantic fiction, which depicts adventurous and fantastic situations, realist fiction favors depicted everyday life and common activities and experiences |
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Naturalism
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+a subset of realism
+depicts the individual as wholly controlled by external forces, whether biological or environmental +naturalist writers like Zola and Norris approached their subjects with scientific objectivity |
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Tenor
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+the subject to which attributes are described
+"All the world's a stage" +world=tenor |
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Vehicle
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+the idea conveyed by the literal meaning of the words used metaphorically
+"All the world's a stage" +stage=vehicle |
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Transcendental movement
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+a religious and philosophical movement that emerged in New England in the early to middle 19th century
+main objective was to transcend matter and live by spiritual laws |
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Transcendentalism
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+reaction against New England and 18th century rationalism
+main tenets: optimistic and positive ethos of self improvement |
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Post structuralism
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+deconstruction was a part of this movement
+"death of the author"; Roland Barthes term +the text takes on a life of its own and is beyond the author's control |
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Tautology
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+semi-paradox like
+redundant +needless repetition |
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Speech Acts
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+acts that by saying something they can come into being
+marriage, the bible (there was nothing and then God "said") |
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Ontological
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+state of being/saying is the same thing as doing
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"He has refused his Assent to Laws, the most wholesome and necessary for the public good."
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The Declaration of Independence of the Thirteen Colonies
1776 |
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"This obscurity, this undecidability between, let's say, a performative structure and a constative structure, is required in order to produce the sought-after eddect."
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Jacques Derrida
Declarations of Independence |
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"And is God: at once creator of nature and judge, supreme judge of what is (the state of the world) and of what relates to what ought to be (the rectitude of our intentions)."
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Jacques Derrida
Declarations of Independence |
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"This new world hath been the asylum for the persucuted lovers of civil and religious liberty from every part of Europe."
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Thomas Paine
Common Sense |
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"Ye that dare oppose not only the tyranny but the tyrant, stand forth!"
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Thomas Paine
Common Sense |
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"Reconciliation is now a fallacious dream"
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Thomas Paine
Common Sense |
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"A government of our own is our natural right"
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Thomas Paine
Common Sense |
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"The harder the conflict, the more glorious the triumph. What we obtain too cheap, we esteem too lightly"
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Thomas Paine
Common Sense |
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"so unlimited a power can only belong to God"
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Thomas Paine
Common Sense |
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"had it been 8 months earlier it would have been much better"
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Thomas Paine
Common Sense |
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"Now the man who had appeared in the gold palace was the devil and when afterward he saw what his words had done he said that he had made a great mistake and even he lamented that his evil had been so enormous."
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Handsome Lake
How America was Discovered |
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"Do not get tired, ye noble-hearted only think how many poor Indians want their wounds done up daily; the Lord will reward you, and pray you stop not till this tree of distraction shall be leveled to the earth, and the mantle of prejudice torn from every American heart then shall peace pervade the Union."
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Apess
An Indian's Looking-Glass for the White Man |
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"But thus it often is, that the constant friction of illiberal minds wears out at last the best resolves the more generous."
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Melville
Bartleby, the Scrivener |
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"If a man is thought-free, fancy-free, imagination-free, that which is not never for a long time appearing to be him, unwise rulers or reformers cannot fatally interrupt him."
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Thoreau
Resistance to Civil Government |
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"The best thing a person can do for her culture when she is rich is to endeavor to carry out those schemes which she entertained when she was poor."
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Thoreau
Resistance to Civil Government |
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"I heartily accept the motto "that government is best which governs least."
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Thoreau
Resistance to Civil Government |
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The Beat Movement
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+A group of American writers who came to prominence in the late 1950's and early 1960's
+anti-establishment and advocated spontaneous creativity and non-conformity +drug culture and civil rights reforms +rise of suburban middle class (WWII) +Allen Ginsberg and William S. Burroughs |
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Post modernism
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+A post WWII literary trend that developed out of modernism
Characterized by: +a reaction to and often against claims to certainty, whether religious, philosophical, scientific, etc. +an emphasis on interpretation, relative truth, individual experience +humor, wordplay, extreme experimentation |
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Black Nationalism
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+value of Black culture ("Black is beautiful")
+Malcolm X +economic and political self-sufficiency and autonomy +promoted Black business +Black panthers => radical end +worked outside the system |
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Feminist Poetry
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Divided into three waves:
First wave: 19th and early 20th century +focused on women suffrage, education access, divorce and property rights Second wave: 1960's-1970's +confronted legal and social inequality; role of women at home and in the work force, reproductive rights Third wave: 1980's-1990's (and beyond) +against essentialist definitions of femininity +sought to undo the gender binary, look closely at the relationship between race, sex, and class, as well as sexuality |
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Xicanisma
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+Ana Castillo 1953-
+coined this term +means chicanaism, chicana feminism mexican american woman race relations: machismo |
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phallogocentric
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+originally, the perceived tendency of Western thought to locate the centre of any text or discourse within the logos; a.k.a. logocentrism
+the privileging of the phallus and of masculinity with a view to logocentrism |
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Fugitive Slave Act of 1850
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+was passed by the United States Congress on September 18, 1850, +part of the Compromise of 1850 between Southern slaveholding interests and Northern Free-Soilers.
+This was one of the most controversial acts of the 1850 compromise +heightened Northern fears of a 'slave power conspiracy' +It declared that all runaway slaves be brought back to their masters. |
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"Are leaders more independent than other people, or are they adept at following their followers?"
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Opinions an Social Pressure
by: Solomon Asch |
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"The sociologist Gabriel Tarde summed it all up in the aphorism: 'social man is a somnambulist.'"
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Opinions an Social Pressure
by: Solomon Asch |
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*could be compared to Native Son when searching for Bigger and Bartleby employee's losing identity
"Sadism, the wish for absolute control over another living being." |
A Pirandellian Prison
by: Philip Zimbardo |
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"Moloch whose mind is pure machinery! Moloch whose blood is running money!"
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Howl
by: Allen Ginsberg |
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"I'm with you in Rockland"
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Howl
by: Allen Ginsberg |
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part 1:
anaphora romanticize the beat movement cataloguing (list poems) accuses society makes vague people feel uncomfortable Part 2: greed capitalistic driving American society dehumanize Part 3: expression of solidarity solution |
Howl
by: Allen Ginsberg |
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"Let us all hope that the dark clouds of racial prejudice will soon pass away and the deep fog of misunderstanding will be lifted from our fear drenched communities, and in some not too distant tomorrow the radiant stars of love and brotherhood will shine over our great nation with all their scintillating beauty."
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"Letter from a Birmingham Jail"
by: Martin Luther King Jr. |
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"Free at last! Free at last!
Thank God Almighty, we are free at last!" |
"I have a Dream"
by: Martin Luther King Jr. |
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"And if you're not ready to pay that price don't use the word freedom in your vocabulary."
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The Ballot or the Bullet
by: Malcolm X |
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"For that solitary confinement, tear gas, attrition shelling, few applicants for that honor."
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Snapshots of a Daughter-in-Law
by: Adrienne Rich |
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"you, woman, masculine in single-mindedness, for whom the word was more than a symptom"
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I am in Danger--Sir--
by: Adrienne Rich |
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"They gave me a drug that slowed the healing of wounds"
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A Valediction Forbidding Mourning
by: Adrienne Rich |
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"I came to explore the wreck"
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Diving into the Wreck
by: Adrienne Rich |
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"I am Black because I come from earth's inside"
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Coal
by: Audre Lorde |
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"Meanwhile the woman thing my mother taught me bakes off its covering of snow like a rising blackening sun"
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The Woman Thing
by: Audre Lorde |
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"This is not my country, in my country men do not play at leaders"
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In My Country
by: Ana Castillo |
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"Even the greatest truths contain the tremor of a lie"
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Ixtacihuatl died in vain
by: Ana Castillo |
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"Lesbian existence suggests both the fact of the historical presence of lesbians and our continuing creation of the meaning of that existence"
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"Compulsory Heterosexuality and Lesbian Experience"
by: Adrienne Rich |
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"Lesbian continuum to include a range of women identified experience, not simply the fact that a woman has had or consciously desired genital sexual experience with another woman"
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"Compulsory Heterosexuality and Lesbian Experience"
by: Adrienne Rich |
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Callan,
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I love you
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