Lipids I

Front 1

Composition of representative membranes

Back 1

Myelin favors lipid
mitochondrial inner membrane favors proteins
erythrocyte is about neutral

Front 2

Saturated

Back 2

single C-C bond

Front 3

Unsarurated

Back 3

double carbon bond
create kinks give membrane fluidity

Front 4

Membrane Fluidity

Back 4

Controled by FA (MUFA and PUFA) composition and chlosterol content
More fluid when warm have more kinetic energy

Front 5

Why most children under 12 monthes not consume cow milk?

Back 5

B/C is contians mostly short and medium FA NOT Long chian FA whihc is important in brian development

Front 6

Arachidonic Acid

Back 6

Precursor of Prostaglandin and Leukitriens (infammation)
Regulatroy lipid plays importatn role in hormonal activity (blood clotting and presure)

Front 7

2 important Omega 3 FA's

Back 7

DHA and EPA
May reduce chance of heart attack
Derived from ALA

Front 8

Property and function of lipids

Back 8

FA chain length and their degree of unsaturation

Front 9

Linoleic
Linolenic

Back 9

Omega 6
Omega 3
Combine with chlosterol to form eicosanoids (arachidonic) and steroid hormones
LDL and chlosterol lowerer and CV protection

Front 10

MUFA

Back 10

Diets rich with this reduce total chlosterol and LDL
Also provide CV protection, lowers BP, improves insulin sensitivity and anti-thrombic effects

Front 11

Classification of Lipids

Back 11

Based on glycerol backbone
and two general classes Neutral and Amphipathic

Front 12

How are trans unsaturated FA produced

Back 12

By hyrogenatio of cis-unsaturated FA.
They resemble properties of saturated FA
Increase LDL
Decrease HDL
Promote CV disease

Front 13

Neutral Lipids

Back 13

Uncharged
Nonpolar
TG and CE

Front 14

Amphipatic Lipids

Back 14

Polar
PL
C
MG
DG
Sphingolipids
glycolipids

Front 15

Sphingolipids

Back 15

Major component of nervous tissue, Myelin Sheath
Ceramide
Sphongomyelin
Glycolipids

Front 16

PL

Back 16

Imporant in membrane bilayer
Important in transporting fat in the blood

Front 17

Phosphatidylcholine

Back 17

Important in lung surfacant
Defiency will cause ARDS
PC levels rise at 35 weeks in womb and babies born premature will have increased risk of ARDS

Front 18

What is responsoble for ABD blood group?

Back 18

Glycolipids oligosaccharid that contain at lease one scid sura derivative

Front 19

What will reduce the absorbtion of the major dietary sterol chlosterol

Back 19

plant sterols

Front 20

Chlosterol

Back 20

Amphipathic (hydroxyl group)
Can be esterfied to form CE (nonpolar)
Particulary important in neural cells
Several things synthesized from it: sex and adrenal, bile, and Vitamin D
DO NOT need to consume chlosterol b/c body produces it (liver and intestine)

Front 21

Bile Acids

Back 21

Polar
Detergents, emulsify fats

Front 22

Vitamin A

Back 22

Retinol
Night blindness
skin disorder

Front 23

Vitamin D

Back 23

Osteomalacia
Rickets
At high levels will cause toxic doses of Ca2+ in arteries and kidneys

Front 24

Vitamin E

Back 24

Decrease CAD and LDL
Reproductive failure Muscular dystrophy

Front 25

Vitamin K

Back 25

High levels Hemolytic anemia
Bleeding disorders
blood clotting
Carboxylation of Glutamate

Front 26

Synthesis of bile acids

Back 26

First step is product inhibited
The products (cholic and chenocholic acid) are CONJUGATED in the liver by glycine and taurine increases solubility

Front 27

What happens to most bile salts?

Back 27

Reabsorbed in the conjugated form by ACTIVE Transport carried on Albumin
The rest is by passive transport (colon) AFTER flora bacteria deconjugates (removes taurine and glycine)

Front 28

What are not put into Chylommicrons?

Back 28

SCFA and MCFA which do not require bile salts are sent directly to blood by albumin

Front 29

Cystic Fibrosis

Back 29

Pancreatic lipase defieciency

Front 30

Triacylglycerol Lipase

Back 30

Specifically cuts ester bonds at primary alcohols
Major products: MG and FA

Front 31

Colipase

Back 31

Bile salts inhibit Lipase
This helps lipase bind and increases its activity
Activated by trypsin

Front 32

Cholesteryl Esterase

Back 32

Degrades CE to Chlosterol and FA
Increased activity in the presence of bile salts

Front 33

CCK

Back 33

Produced by jejunum and lower duodenum
Lipids entering the upper SI cause CCK to act on the gallbladder
Also decreases gastric motility

Front 34

Secretin

Back 34

Respondes at low pH
Causes release of bicarbonate

Front 35

What are Triacylglycerols synthesized in the liver packaged into?

Back 35

Packed into VLDL's and relased into the blood directly

Front 36

What is the major protein of chylomicron?

Back 36

apo B48 (shell)
Core is TG and CE

Front 37

Where are and from what are TG produced in intesintal cells?

Back 37

The SER from the FA and 2-MG

Front 38

Where is the protein for chlylomicrons produced?

Back 38

In the RER with the major protein being B48

Front 39

Where is the assembly of the lipoprotein (chylomicron) made?

Back 39

In the golgi complex

Front 40

How are newly synthesized chylomicrons matured?

Back 40

Mature as they receive ApoC2 and ApoE from HDL
Mature in the blood

Front 41

HDL

Back 41

Brings ApoC2 and ApoE to chylomicrons
And transfers chlosterol from peripheral tissue to the liver

Front 42

What is LPL activated by and synthesized by?

Back 42

ApoC2
Synthesized by increased insulin
Dieabtes you have decreased LPL which leads to increased chlosterl/TG

Front 43

LPL

Back 43

breaksdown TG into FA and glycerol
Synthesized predominatly by adipocytes and muscle cells

Front 44

Tissues that oxidize FA's

Back 44

Skeletal & Heart muscle, Liver, kidney

Front 45

Tissues that DO NOT oxidize FA

Back 45

Brain, RBC, Adipose