Lipids And Coronary Artery Disease

Front 1

Arteriosclerosis

Back 1

Hardening of the arteries

Front 2

atherosclerosis

Back 2

hardening of arteries due plaque formation

Front 3

LDL is oxidized, which causes

Back 3

plaque formation

Front 4

Three tunicas

Back 4

Adventitia, media, and intima

Front 5

The progression

Back 5

Fatty streak foam cells, fibrous plaque, occlusive plaque, plaque rupture and thrombosis

Front 6

Claudication occurs with

Back 6

Occlusive plaque

Front 7

In severe CAD, lumen

Back 7

Is very narrow

Front 8

Men or women get more LAD stenosis?

Back 8

Men

Front 9

More cholesterol leads to

Back 9

More CHD events in later years, particularly with LDL cholesterol

Front 10

1mg/dL decrease in HDL leads to

Back 10

2% higher in men and 3% higher in women for disease

Front 11

CHD factors injure

Back 11

The endothelium

Front 12

Polyunsaturated fats, like other lipids, are especially susceptible to

Back 12

Peroxidation

Front 13

Oxidized LDL causes

Back 13

Fragmentation of Apo B, loss of amino acids, not recognized by LDL receptor, lyscholine chemotaxicity for monocytes,

Front 14

Oxidation of LDL leads to less and more of

Back 14

NO, ACE

Front 15

HDL can remove

Back 15

Oxidized LDL and reduce it by CEPT transfers. Liver takes up these reduced HDLs faster than LDLs.

Front 16

Foam cells form from

Back 16

Macrophages

Front 17

Plaques release

Back 17

Cytokines, cause inflammation

Front 18

LDL is modified in the

Back 18

Arterial wall

Front 19

MPC1 is

Back 19

Monocyte Chemiotic factor, makes monocytes into macrophages

Front 20

Macrophage growth factors promote

Back 20

Cell matrix degradation

Front 21

HDL inhibits

Back 21

Adhesion molecules so fewer monocytes attracted, oxidative modification of LDL, formation of foam cells

Front 22

CRP causes

Back 22

Inflammation, may lead to CVD, but does not cause CVD. CRP made in the liver.

Front 23

What increase risk of CVD?

Back 23

High carbs, sat or trans fats, dyslipidemias,

Front 24

What quantity of LDLs affects the risk of CVD?

Back 24

More, smaller LDLs makes more likely to have CVD.

Front 25

Most MIs are actually due to what arteries?

Back 25

Non-obstructive

Front 26

Vulnerable plaques

Back 26

Thin fibrous, lipid rich, inflammatory

Front 27

Stable plaques

Back 27

Thick fibrous, smooth muscle cells with more extracellular matrix, lipid poor

Front 28

Statins reduce

Back 28

Artherosclerosis by reducing LDL levels. Also decrease plaque volume.

Front 29

Lifestyle changes like fat, exercise and stress control

Back 29

Also reduce artherosclerosis