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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Are fatty acids soluble in ________? A. water B. organic compounds |
A. no B. yes |
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What are the simplest lipids? |
Fatty acids |
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Saturation |
Number of C=C double bonds in lipid |
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Saturated fatty acid |
NO double (only single) bonds |
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Unsaturated Fatty Acid Monounsaturated Polyunsaturated |
contains at least 1 C=C double bond contains ONLY ONE C=C double bond contains 2+ C=C double bonds |
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What are the 3 types of lipids? |
Oil, Fat, and Wax |
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Properties of oil? |
Oil - slippery/viscous substance, immiscible w/ water |
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Properties of fat? |
soft, greasy substance in organic tissue, is a mixture of lipids (mostly triglycerides) |
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Properties of wax? |
harder & less greasy than fats, solid at room temp, soluble in alcohol & ether, insoluble in water |
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Are double bonds in fatty acid chains conjugated usually? |
NO -- double bonds one after the other (not conjugated bc not spaced by CH2 inserts) |
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Are double bonds in FA usually cis, or trans? Is rotation around C=C bond impeded? What is the effect? |
CIS. Yes, rotation's impeded. Causes bends in hydrocarbon tail, prevents close packing, lowers the melting point. |
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Describe the head group of FA. |
Labelled C1 (alpha C). Anionic and acidic. Usually a carboxyl group. |
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Describe what a 16:2 FA would look like. Is its mp higher than a 16:1 FA? |
Would have 16 C along its backbone with 2 C=C double bonds, probably cis. Has a lower mp than 16:1 bc more bending bc has more double bonding. |
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Fatty Acid Binding Proteins are a family of what type of proteins? |
cytosolic |
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purpose of FABP |
reservoir for select fatty acids in a cell |
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Common feature of FABPs? |
10 anti-parallel Beta strands |
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Describe FABP binding |
highly specific w/ high affinity. Diff FABP's bind ligands w/ diff bends. |
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2 major classes of lipid families? Their polarity? |
Membrane lipids (polar) and Storage lipids (neutral) |
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Traicylglycerols |
"Triglycerides" fatty acids stored as neutral lipids. Glycerol + 3 FA's |
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How are triacylglycerols found in animals and plants? |
Fat in animals, oil in plant seeds |
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Why are triacylglycerols such a compact energy store? |
Hydrophobic, not solvated. |
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2 types of Membrane lipids? |
Glycerophospholipids and Sphingolipids |
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Term meaning "has both hydrophobic and hydrophilic parts" |
Amphipathic |
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T/F: Glycerophospholipids are amphipathic, while sphingolipids are NOT. |
FALSE - BOTH are amphipathic. |
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Components of a glycerophospholipid? |
Glycerol 2 Fatty Acids (sat FA - C1, unsat FA - C2) Phosphate w/ alcohol att'd (PHOSPHOESTER) |
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Components of a sphingolipid? |
Sphingosine 1 FA (att to sphingosine via amide bond) Phospho functionality ("sphingomyelins") OR 1+ carbs ("glycosphingolipids") |
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Difference between sphingosine and glycerol? |
Both have same # polar groups, but FA att'd by amide bond to sphingosine instead of an ester. |
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Difference between sphingomyelins and glycosphingolipids? |
Sphingomyelins - 3rd component is phospho functionality Glycosphingolipids - 3rd component is 1+ carbs |
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Name for type of FA that's carcinogenic, and how's it created? |
TRANS fatty acid. Formed from heating oil, which causes cis/trans isomerisation |
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Where are sphingomyelins found? Glycosphinolipids? |
Sphingomyelins in animal cell membranes (esp myelin sheath around neurons) Glycosphinolipids in cell membranes from bac to humans. Major glycans of vertebrate brain. |
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Describe backbones and tails of glycerophospholipids vs. sphingolipids. |
Glycerophospholipid - glycerol backbone, polar head, nonpolar tail Sphinolipid - sphingosine backbone |
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Structure of steroids? |
4 fused rings (3 fused cyclohexane, 1 cyclopentane) |
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Major example of steroid? |
CHOLESTEROL |
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T/F: Cholesterol is a triacylglycerol (triglyceride). |
FALSE - cholesterol is a steroid. |
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What's the name of the waxy steroid made in the body, and what are its 2 functions? |
CHOLESTEROL Functions are... 1. essential component of mammalian cell membranes 2. precursor of steroid hormones |
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Function of steroid hormones? What type of organism are they found in? |
Messengers. Eukaryotes only. |
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Examples of steroid hormones? Major classes? |
Examples: oestradiol, cortisol, testosterone, progesterone, oestrone, aldosterone Classes: glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, androgens, and oestrogens |
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Define "waxes" |
Esters of long chain FA's and long chain mono-alcohols. Water repellents and lubricants. |
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Examples of waxes of animal origin? Of plant origin? |
ANIMAL: beeswax, spermaceti, lanolin (wool wax) PLANT: carnauba wax, candelilla wax |
