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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Lipids |
Macromolecules made of Carbon, Hydrogen, & Oxygen
Energy storage (more than carbs)
Nonpolar and greasy to the touch |
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Lipds are insoluble in water because |
long chains of only carbon & hydrogen atoms (nonpolar and hydrophobic) |
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Fats |
long-term energy storage and insulation |
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Sterols |
Regulate growth and development |
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Phospholipids |
Form cellular membranes
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2 distinct components of fats |
Head and 2 or 3 long tails |
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Glycerol |
small molecule, forms "head" of triglycerides |
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Fatty Acid |
Long hydrocarbon (carbon-hydrogen molecules chained together)
Forms the tail of triglycerides |
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Triglycerides |
Fats with 3 fatty acids
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Saturated Fats |
Solid at room temperature b/c fatty acids are tightly packed together
Carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon chain are bonded to 2 hydrogen atoms (MAX--->Saturated) |
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Unsaturated fats |
Liquid at room temperature b/c fatty acids are crooked and therefore loosely packed
Carbon atoms are only bound to a single hydrogen atom (crooked) |
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Most plant fats are |
unsaturated |
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Hydrogenated fat |
An unsaturated fat with artificially added hydrogen atoms----->MORE saturated
Changes taste, texture, shelf-life of food |
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Trans-fat |
Partially hydrogenated, unsaturated fat
Added hydrogen atoms are in TRANS orientation, different from normal CIS orientation of hydrogen atoms in unsaturated fat
Raises cholesterol levels |
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Cholesterol |
4 fused carbon rings
Essential component for cell membranes |
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Steroid Hormones |
Estrogen and Testosterone
Regulate sexual development, maturation, sex cell production |
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Phospholipids |
Major component of cell membranes
Surrounds cells, controls flow of chemicals in and out of cell
Similar structure to fats, but contain phosphorous atom and 2 fatty acid chains (instead of 3) |
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Waxes |
Only one long-chain fatty acid
Highly nonpolar---->very hydrophobic
Natural coating on plants and animals, prevents water loss |
