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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the lipid soluble vitamins?
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KADE
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What are the essential fatty acids?
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Linoleic acid (18:2, w-6) A-linolenic (18:3, w-3)
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Where are Phosphatidylcholine (PC) found?
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Outer leaflet of cell membrane.
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Where are Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) found?
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Inner leaflet of the cell membrane.
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Where is Phophatidyserine (PS) found?
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Inner leaflet of plasma membrane but it is not a major component and has an over all negative charge.
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What are the 3 things made from phosphatidylcholine?
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- Sufactant (dipalmitoyl-PC)
- Sphingomyelin - Platelet-activating factor |
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Where is Phosphatidylinositol found?
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Inner leaflet not a major component.
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What can be made from Phosphatidylinositol (PI)?
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PI can be phosphorylated to PIP2. PI and PIP2 are found in the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane.
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Where is cardiolipin found?
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Cardiolipin is a special phospholipid found mainly in the inner mitochondrial membrane. It is also known as diphosphatidylglycerol and contains 4 fatty acids, mainly 18:2,w6
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Where is cholesterol found?
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Free cholesterol is found in the plasma membrane in both layers.
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Where are Sphingomyelin (SP) found?
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Sphingomyelin (SP) is found in most plasma membranes together with phosphatidylcholine. SP is especially important for myelin of nerve fibers and in grey matter of the brain
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Where are Cerebrosides and globosides found?
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Cerebrosides (one sugar) and globosides (more sugars) are found in brain and peripheral nervous tissue, and also in the myelin sheath.
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Where are Gangliosides found?
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Gangliosides are found in the CNS: brain, spinal cord, retina.
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What is made from cholesterol?
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- Adrenal cortex [cortisol, aldosterone, androgens]
- Ovaries [estradiol] - Testes[testosterone] - Skin [Vit D] |
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Where is GLUT1 found is it a high or low affinity transporter?
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RBC & Brain
High Affinity |
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Where is GLUT2 found and is it a high or low affinity transporter?
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- Intestinal mucosal cells
- Liver - Kidney - B-cells of pancreas. - Low affinity |
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What kind of molecules get through membranes.
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- Gases - Hydrophobic molecules like steroids - Small polar molecule like water and ethanol
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What are the effects of fatty acids on membrane fluidity?
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Shorter fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids make the membrane more fluid.
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Where is GLUT3 found and is it a high or low affinity transporter?
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- Neurons
- High affinity |
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Where is GLUT5 found and is it a high or low affinity transporter?
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- Intestinal mucosal cells
- Testes. - low affinity - Transports fructose |
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Where is GLUT4 found and is it a or low affinity transporter?
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- Fat cells
- Muscle cells - Insulin dependent |
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What is the SGLT pump used for?
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SGLT transports dietary glucose or dietary galactose using sodium-ion cotransport in its secondary active transport. SGLT transports one glucose and two sodium ions into the cell.
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What is made from palmitic acid (16:0)?
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Palmitoleic acid (16:1)
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What is made from stearic acid (18:0)?
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Oleic acid(18:1)
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What is made from linoleic acid?
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Arachidonic acid (20:4,w6)
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What is made from arachidonic acid?
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Eicosanoids (prostaglandins, thromboxane, and leukotrienes)
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What is made from a-linolenic acid?
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Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)(22:6,w3)
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How is phosphatidylcholine (PC) formed?
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PC can be synthesized using dietary choline which is activated to CDP-choline. PC can also be formed from PE. In this case, PE is three times methylated using SAM (activated methionine).
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What is palmitoleic acid?
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16:1
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What is oleic acid?
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18:1
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What is Linoleic acid?
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18:2 w6
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What is a-linolenic acid?
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18:3 w3
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What is arachidonic acid?
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20:4 w6
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What is Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)
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20:5,w-3
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What is DHA (Docosahexaenoic acid)?
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22:6,w-3
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What is made from phosphatidylethanolamine?
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PE is three times methylated using SAM (activated methionine).to make PC.
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What is the composition of the mitochondrial membrane?
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- Cardiolipin
- Not cholosterol and sphingomyelin |
